Objective
To investigate the effect of enteral nutrition support via naso-jejunal tube in esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radiotheraphy.
Methods
36 esophageal carcinoma patients were randomly assigned into enteral nutrition(EN) group, while 38 patients assigned to control group.All patients underwent definition IMRT combined with weekly concurrent chemotherapy of paclitaxel-nedaplatin.The naso-jejunal tubes were bedside inserted by hand in EN group.Enteral nutrition support began the day after the tube insertion.The control group took food orally.Nutrition was assessed through body weight, BMI, lymphocyte, albumin, pre-albumin and hemoglobin.Treatment induced complications were recorded.
Results
The degree of nutritional reduction was lower in EN group and significantly different with the control group.The EN group underwent (4.5±1.1)cycles concurrent chemotherapy, the control group underwent (3.1±2.3)cycles concurrent chemotherapy(t=6.21, P=0.027). The hematotoxicity induced by chemoradiotherapy(CRT) was statistically severe in the control group(χ2=24.64, P<0.01), while radiation esophagitis was similar between the two groups.
Conclusion
EN support via naso-jejunal tube in esophageal carcinoma patients treated with radiotheraphy may improve the nutritional status, alleviate CRT induced hematotoxicity, increase tolerance of CRT.
Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Enteral nutrition
Proteins that are pathogenesis-related 1 (PR-1) can accumulate to high levels when plants employ defenses, being major participants in processes critical for stress responses as well as development of many species. Yet we still lack information concerning PR-1 family members in Qingke plants (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum). In this work, we distinguished 20 PR-1s from the Qingke genome whose encoded proteins often featured at the N-terminus a signal peptide; all 20 PR-1s were predicted to localize either periplasmically or extracellularly. The CAP domain was confirmed as being highly conserved in all these PR-1s. Phylogeny-based inference revealed that PR-1 proteins clustered into four major clades, with the majority of Qingke PR-1s distributed in clade I (17 out 20), and the other 3 distributed in clade II. Gene structure analysis showed that 16 PR-1s did not contain any introns, whereas the other four had 1-4 introns. We identified a variety of motifs that are cis-acting in the promoter regions of PR-1s; these included those potentially involved in Qingke's light response, hormonal and stress responses, circadian control and regulation of development and growth, in addition to sites where transcription factors bind to. Expression analysis uncovered several members of PR-1 genes that were strongly and rapidly induced by powdery mildew infection, phytohormones, and cold stimulus. Altogether, our study's findings enhance what is known about genetic features of PR-1 family members in H. vulgare plants, especially Qingke, and could thereby facilitate further exploration aiming to elucidate the functioning of these proteins.
The study of the radiation patterns of laser-generated longitudinal ultrasound in semi-transparent solid is presented. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory based on the effect of optical penetration within the sample.
The frequency spectrum of laser-excited ultrasonic wave has been measured in various metals including aluminum, steel and copper, at both free and modified surfaces. The result shows that the material and surface modification affect the spectrum.
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