Objective: Ki-67 is a proliferation-associated nuclear antigen and is expressed in all cycling cells except for resting cells in the G0-phase. PCNA is an acidic nuclear protein and has been recognized as a histologic marker for the G1/S phase in the cell cycle. Ki-67and PCNA labeling indices are considered to reflect cell proliferation, particularly, growth fraction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression levels of Ki-67 and PCNA in prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and their potential on the early diagnosis of PCa. Methods: Human prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and PC-3, human normal prostate epithelial cell line HuPEC, tissues from patients with PCa (121 cases) and BPH (45) and 36 normal cases were examined for the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Then, the association of Ki-67 and PCNA expression with clinical grading of PCa was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results: The ratios of PCNA and Ki-67 expression levels in LNCaP and PC-3 were higher (P < 0.05, P < 0.001) than that in HuPEC. The two markers were differentially expressed in three tissues and showed increased expression in PCa (P < 0.05) and BPH (P < 0.05), relative to human normal prostate tissues. Compared with BPH, the ratio of Ki-67 and PCNA expressed in tumour tissue was increased (P < 0.05). The increase of Ki-67 was greater than that of PCNA. Expression of the two markers increased after different grading of PCa cases. The values of Ki-67/PCNA were: 0.073 in grade I PCa tissues, 0.119 in grade IIa PCa tissues, 0.141 in grade IIa PCa tissues, 0.234 in grade III PCa tissues. Conclusion: The combination of Ki-67 and PCNA, specific proliferative markers of PCa, may improve the accuracy of early diagnosis of prostatic cancer.
Objective To study the relationship between the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 in endometrial endometrial adenocarcinoma normal endometrial tissue and clinical and prognosis of the disease. Methods The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were examined in 100 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma Between October of 2005 and March of 2009 in Zhongshan Hospital Affihated to Sun Yat-sen University by immunohistochemistry (EnVision method). We used 30 normal endometrial tissue as control. Results The normal endometrium mesenchymal and the epithelial cell may secrete MMPs,MMP-2,9,in the normal endometrium proliferative phase expression increases,but in the secretory phase nearly early does not have the expression (P0. 05). The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in endometrial adenocarcinoma was significantly stronger than that in normal endometrial (P0.05).The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues was increased with advanced clinical stages and pathological grades (P0.05). As compared to the patiens without lymph node metastasis,the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in patients with lymph node metastasis. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was positively correlated (r= 0.545,P 0.01). The expression MMP-2 and MMP-9 was correlated with patient survival (P0.05). Conclusion MMP-2 and MMP-9 might promote the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in endometrial adenocarcinoma was related to the clinical stages,pathological grades,and lymph node metastasis and can be used to predict the prognosis of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Objective To study the PSMA mRNA expression in BPH and PCa tissue specimens,and explore the value of PSMA mRNA expression in PCa diagnosis.Methods A sensitive,real-time quantitative PCR assay was developed to compare the expression difference of PSMA mRNA in 37 cases of BPH,23 cases of PCa and 3 cases of normal prostate tissues.[WT5”HZ]Results The expression level ratio of PSMA in BPH and PCa tissues to normal prostate tissues was 1.54± 0.21 and 4.95± 0.78 respectively (P 0.05).Conclusion The detection of the PSMAmRNA expression by QRT-PCR can afford more reliable and helpable information for diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of PCa.
To explore the protective effect of glycyrrhizin in rats with nephrotic syndrome (NS) induced by adriamycin (ADR).36 Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into control, untreated and glycyrrhizin treatment groups. The NS rat model was established by injecting ADR twice in the untreated and in the glycyrrhizin treatment groups. Rats in the glycyrrhizin treatment group were fed glycyrrhizin by intragastric administration for 7 days. Changes in the following indices were observed in the three groups before and 4 weeks after the treatment: 24 h urine protein quantitation (UPr), serum cholesterol (Ch), serum albumin (Alb), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (sCr), laminin (LN), fibronectin (FN), collagen (Col), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF); histopathology by light and electron microscope. Expression of LN, FN, ColIV, TGFbeta1 and CTGF in the cortex of the kidney were detected by semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Expression of TGFbeta1 and CTGF in the cortex of the kidney was detected by Fluorescein Based Quantitive RT-PCR. Macrophage infiltration was evaluated by the immunoperoxidase staining.Compared with the control group, 24 h UPr, Ch, BUN and sCr of rats in the untreated group were increased. Glycyrrhizin reduced 24 h Upr, Ch, BUN, sCr, LN, FN, Col, TGFbeta1, CTGF, and mean arterial blood pressure. Pathological changes in the kidney, the expression of LN, FN, Col, TGFbeta1 and CTGF in the cortex of the kidney in the glycyrrhizin treatment group were decreased compared with the untreated group. Glycyrrhizin also suppressed macrophage infiltration in the kidneys of NS rat models.Glycyrrhizin exerts protective effects in rats with NS, reducing the excretion of Upr, Ch, BUN, sCr, and mean arterial blood pressure, and also decreasing expression of LN, FN, Col, TGFbeta1 and CTGF in the kidney. Renal function is improved and the severity of NS is lessened.
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