This investigation utilized the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach to ascertain the non-linear influence of FDI and ICT on CO2 emission in Pakistan. Moreover, the examination revealed the impact of population, trade, and import and production of ICT on Pakistan's environmental quality. The findings of the inspection specified that negative (positive) shocks in ICT use upsurge (diminution) the level of CO2 emanation. In addition, positive shocks in FDI expressively escalate CO2 emission. However, adverse shocks indicated inconsequential sway on CO2 emission. The study identified that the production of ICT instruments at the domestic level improves environmental quality than importing from other nations. Further, the population exposed direct rapport with CO2 emission; while, the coefficient of trade disclosed a negative effect on CO2 emission in Pakistan. The investigation evaluated the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and found that economic growth has a U-shaped liaison with CO2 emission, inferring that the EKC hypothesis imperatively exists in Pakistan. The investigation suggested that the government of Pakistan should facilitate the general public to use smart electrical devices. Moreover, the Government of Pakistan should provide opportunities for ICT based international companies to install their production units in Pakistan.
The study aims to explain the economic impact of Internet implication in tourism sector by taking sample of mega project listed countries (which provide big pitch to boost tourism business). Our work find the volatility cause of tourism revenue at country i, by examining the inbound tourist expenditures as a factor of technological infrastructure. We deploy data ranging from 1990 to 2017 and uses error correction model as representative of Autoregressive-Distributed Lag (ARDL) model after addressing diagnostic tests (for data reliability concern). We found long- and short-run association between tourism expenditure and information and communication technology (ICT) proxies in case of developed economies, while only short-run association in underdeveloped countries. The startling scenario about underdeveloped economies are also confirmed by one-way causation in our analysis. After sensitive analysis at each slot, the study concludes that tourism revenue is streaming low across those boundaries where tourists are suffered by paying more due to technological inaccessibility and its underdeveloped infrastructure. The suffered economies are recommended to upgrade their ICT sector to facilitate inbound tourist.
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