Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a cluster of voiding symptoms, such as weak stream, hesitancy, intermittency, urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia. LUTS are frequent in elderly men and it considered the ultimate clinical symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. With aging, male hypogonadism is increased which is defined as decreased ability of the testes to produce sperm and sex steroids because of a pituitary/hypothalamic, or testicular deficiency. In academic andrology associations, the term “male hypogonadism” is commonly used to categorize testosterone deficiency. Testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is defined as a decrease in serum testosterone accompanied by symptoms such as libido decrease, depressive disorder, erectile dysfunction, and fatigue. Although the mechanism about testosterone-replacement therapy (TRT) effects on men with hypogonadism is not yet identified, TRT has been shown to effectively relieve the symptoms of TDS as well as LUTS by several studies. Although the present review demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of TRT in men with TDS by prior studies, future large scale of clinical trials should be conducted to present more high-quality evidence to clinicians and patients.
Hypocreales entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are well-known biological control agents worldwide and have high potential in industrialization. However their thermo-susceptibility limits long-term storage under high temperature conditions and high insecticidal activity after application to target pests. Herein we isolated highly virulent isolates, B. bassiana JEF006 and JEF007 and M. anisopliae JEF003 and 004, and produced in three grains, as substrates for solid cultures, followed by thermotolerance assays to compare the potential of the three substrates. The JEF isolates were exposed to dry and wet heat at 50°C and overall conidia were more stable under dry heat condition rather than wet heat. Of the three grains, Italian millet was superior to the other grains in the production of thermotolerant conidia. Additionally Italian millet did not severely aggregated, which enabled air to penetrate into the substrate well compared to the sorghum and millet. JEF isolates were more thermotolerant when they were kept in oil conditions. The conidia of JEF 007 and 003 wild type and AtMT-based generating random mutants were subjected to SDS-PAGE. A significant relationship between conidial thermotoelrance and detected proteins was observed. This work suggests that Italian millet can be used as an effective substrate to produce more thermotolerant conidia, thus maintaining viability for long times under unfavorable environment and biological activity against target pests.
Despite the improvement of personal and social hygiene, pyogenic liver abscess is still a common disease. We compared the incidence, infection route, underlying disease and major complications between two different local hospitals.We reviewed the clinical data of 100 patients with pyogenic liver abscess who were treated at Seoul and Guri Hanyang University Hospital from 1999 to 2003.There were 64 males and 36 females in the study group; they were aged from 19 to 94 years with a mean of 56.5 years. Every year 19 to 23 pyogenic liver abscess patients were admitted to both hospitals. The most common organism isolated was Klebsiella pneumoniae in both local hospitals. In the Seoul hospital, diabetes (40.9%) was most common associated condition. In the Guri hospital, biliary tract disease or a history of hepatobiliary surgery (54.2%) was the most common associated condition. Catheter drainage and/or percutaneous needle aspiration were established as the standard treatment modality.In both regional hospitals, the incidence of pyogenic liver abscess did not decrease and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common organism. Diabetes and biliary tract disease, including, previous hepatobiliary surgery, were the most identifiable underlying disease.
Previous studies have applied various concentrations of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride separately to poultry litter to reduce environmental pollution and increase chicken productivity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of using a blend of these 2 chemicals under 5 different treatments: control (no addition), 50 + 50, 25 + 50, 50 + 25, and 25 + 25 g/kg of litter, which consisted of fresh chicken manure (1 kg) and sawdust (4 kg) thoroughly mixed in a 70 × 47 × 43 cm box. NH3 and CO2 volatilizations, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and moisture content of the poultry litter were assessed weekly up to 6 wk and in the case of total and water-soluble nutrients they were assessed after 1 and 42 d. The control treatment had higher NH3 and CO2 volatilizations than the treated litter throughout the experiment. EC and pH showed an inverse relationship, whereby the control treatment had high pH and low EC values and the treated litter had low pH and high EC values. After 42 d, nitrogen levels were significantly reduced in the control treatment, whereas the 50 + 50 g/kg treatment had the highest content. Conversely, water-soluble phosphorus levels were much lower in the treated poultry litter after 1 and 42 d. A higher ferric chloride concentration (25 + 50 g/kg) in the blend was more effective than a higher aluminum sulfate concentration (50 + 25 g/kg). These findings demonstrate that a combination of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride may be a useful amendment for reducing NH3 and CO2 volatilizations, pH, and moisture content of poultry litter, which will help in improving poultry productivity, pollution control, and poultry litter fertilizer usage.
Background and objectiveThe characteristic symptom of chronic prostatitis (CP) is pain. Patients with CP often complain of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); however, the voiding domain of the Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index of the National Institutes of Health (NIH-CPSI) is not sufficient to evaluate LUTS. Therefore, we studied the relationship between the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and NIH-CPSI scores in men.Materials and methodsWe reviewed 870 men who visited our health care center for a general health check-up and completed IPSS and NIH-CPSI questionnaires between January 2014 and January 2019. An NIH-CPSI pain score ≥4 was defined as the presence of a prostatitis-like symptom (Group 1), and an NIHCPSI pain score less than <4 was defined as the absence of a prostatitis-like symptom (Group 2). The relationship between IPSS and NIH-CPSI sub-scores was investigated. The associations between the IPSS total score and NIH-CPSI sub-scores were assessed using multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsThe mean IPSS total, voiding, storage, and quality-of-life (QOL) scores were higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. Group 1 had fewer subjects in the mild group and more in the moderate and severe groups than did Group 2. Among NIH-CPSI sub-scores, pain score showed the highest correlation between IPSS total (r=0.283), voiding (r=0.266), storage (r=0.237), and QOL score (r=0.263). In regression analysis, only the NIH-CPSI pain score was associated with the IPSS total score (B=0.962, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe NIH-CPSI pain score showed a weak but statistically significant correlation with the IPSS, but the NIH-CPSI voiding score did not. This finding suggests that patients with CP-like symptoms need to be surveyed using the IPSS questionnaire. It will also be helpful to screen for comorbidities of benign prostatic hyperplasia and CP.
Anterior urethral valve is a rare congenital anomaly that can cause obstructive uropathy. Herein, we report a case of an anterior urethral valve that led to the development of febrile urinary tract infection in a neonate.
The rate of skipping breakfast in Korea is steadily increasing. Even if they eat breakfast, they tend to prefer simple meals. In addition, interest in nutritious foods is increasing. Therefore, in this study, Jinmal Dasik was prepared by adding Cordyceps militaris powder, which is known to have various effects. In this study, Jinmal Dasik with Cordyceps militaris powder added as a simple breakfast substitute was prepared. And to test the quality and characteristics, 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% of Cordyceps militaris powder were added. The moisture content was highest in the 12% addition group and lowest in the control group (p=0.068). The chromaticity decreased significantly as the L value increased from the control group (p=0.010). DPPH (p0.001) and ABTS (p0.001) increased significantly from the control group as the amount added increased. In mineral contents, Calcium was highest in the 9% addition group and lowest in the 3% addition group (p=0.050). Iron showed a significantly increased value as the amount of iron added increased (p=0.030). Potassium showed a significantly increased value as the amount added increased (p=0.003). Through the antioxidant power and various effects of Cordyceps militaris, it is thought to be helpful in developing nutritionally excellent and convenient breakfast substitutes, and it is also thought to be helpful in the development of various foods using Cordyceps militaris.
Background/Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), androgen receptor (AR), SIRT1, SIRT2 and SIRT3 in prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: From October 2010 to January 2015, 70 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy following a PCa diagnosis were enrolled in our study. Normal prostate tissue (NPT) and prostate cancer tissues (PCAT) were separated, and the expression of each receptor in each tissue was analyzed with immunochemical staining. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors affecting the development of PCa. Results: ERβ and AR were highly expressed in PCAT compared with NPT (p<0.05). SIRT2 was highly expressed in NPT and PCAT (p<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that AR and SIRT2 affect PCa development. Conclusion: AR is a risk factor for PC, and SIRT2 is associated with a lower incidence of PCa.
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