Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disorder without effective therapy yet. Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of AKI. MicroRNA miR-192-5p has been previously reported to be upregulated in AKI models. However, its functional role in renal I/R injury is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanism of miR-192-5p in renal I/R progression. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cell injury model in HK-2 cells and I/R-induced renal injury model in mice were established in this study. Cell counting kit-8 assay was performed to determine cell viability. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to detect gene expressions. Hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to observe the histopathological changes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the kidney markers’ expression. In vivo and in vitro results showed that miR-192-5p was up-regulated in the I/R-induced mice model and H/R-induced cell model, and miR-192-5p overexpression exacerbated I/R-induced renal damage. Then, the downstream target of miR-192-5p was analyzed by combining the differentially expressed mRNAs and the predicted genes and confirmed using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. It was found that miR-192-5p was found to regulate fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein expression by directly targeting the 3’ untranslated region of FTO mRNA. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro studies unveiled that FTO overexpression alleviated renal I/R injury and promoted HK-2 cell viability via stimulating autophagy flux. In conclusion, miR-192-5p aggravated I/R-induced renal injury by blocking autophagy flux via down-regulating FTO.
Rhododendron is the most species rich plant genus in China and is famous for its extremely high ornamental value. However, the genus is taxonomically difficult and the relationships within Rhododendron remain unresolved. In addition, the origin of some key morphological characters particularly with high important horticulture value need to be explored. Both problems largely hinder effective utilization of its germplasm resources. Most previous studies have attempted to disentangle the phylogeny of Rhododendron, but only used a few genomic markers and lacked large-scale sampling, resulting in low clade support and contradictory phylogenetic signals. Here, we used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) data and morphological traits for 144 species of Rhododendron, representing all subgenera and most sections and subsections of this species-rich genus, to decipher its intricate evolutionary history and reconstruct ancestral state of Rhododendron. Our results revealed high resolutions at subgenera and section levels of Rhododendron based on RAD-seq data. Both optimal phylogenetic tree and split tree recovered five lineages among Rhododendron. Subg. Therorhodion (clade I) formed the basal lineage. Subg. Tsutsusi and Azaleastrum formed clade II and had sister relationships. Clade III included all scaly rhododendron species. Subg. Pentanthera (clade IV) formed a sister group to Subg. Hymenanthes (clade V). The results of ancestral state reconstruction showed that Rhododendron ancestor was a deciduous woody plant with terminal inflorescence, ten stamens, leaf blade without scales and broadly funnelform corolla with pink or purple color. This study shows significant distinguishability to resolve the evolutionary history of Rhododendron based on high clade support of phylogenetic tree constructed by RAD-seq data. It also provides an example to resolve discordant signals in phylogenetic trees and demonstrates the application feasibility of RAD-seq with large amounts of missing data in deciphering intricate evolutionary relationships. Additionally, the reconstructed ancestral state of six important characters provides insights into the innovation of key characters in Rhododendron.
Objective To investigate the effect of calpain-2 and caspase-3 on pulmonary fibrosis and the protective effect of Danshaohuaxian(DSHX) capsule on pulmonary fibrosis in rats.Methods Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,pulmonary fibrosis model group,and DSHX capsule treatment group.Pulmonary fibrosis model was induced by intratracheal instillation of single dose bleomycin(5 mg/kg).DSHX capsule of 0.8 g/kg was administered daily by oral to the treatment group at the second day after bleomycin exposure.All rats were killed on the 28th day.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of calpain-2 and caspase-3 protein.The expression of calpain-2 and caspase-3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR.Results The expression of calpain-2 protein(0.35±0.06),calpain-2 mRNA(210±86),caspase-3 protein(0.41±0.12),and caspase-3 mRNA(614±106)in the rats of molel group were higher than those in the control group(P0.01).After the treatment of DSHX capsule,the expression of calpain-2 protein(0.18±0.03),calpain-2 mRNA(97±71),caspase-3 protein(0.22±0.04),and caspase-3 mRNA(315±92) were lower than those in the model group(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion Calpain-2 and caspase-3 play an important role in the process of pulmonary fibrosis.DSHX capsule could reduce pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin,and its mechanisms may include the expression of calpain-2 and caspase-3.
The association between preoperative CT-based sarcopenia and prognosis in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CT-based sarcopenia and clinical outcomes in patients with LARC. This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 503 LARC patients who underwent radical resection in three tertiary hospitals in China from January 2018 to June 2021 and were pathologically confirmed. All patients were followed for a period of at least three years. Clinical, pathological, and imaging data were carefully collected. According to the sex-specific skeletal muscle index (SMI), patients were evaluated for the presence of CT-based sarcopenia. The SMI was obtained by measuring the cross-sectional muscle area and standardizing it by the height of different patients. The primary endpoint was post-operative overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint included disease-free survival (DFS), postoperative complications, prolonged length of stay (LOS), readmission, and cancer-specific survival (CSS). This study included 503 patients [mean age: 61.5 ± 10.8 years; 353 male (70.2%)], who were divided into the non-sarcopenic group (375 patients, 74.5%) and the sarcopenic group (128 patients, 25.5%). Over a mean follow-up period of 47 months (range 4–73), a total of 108 (21.4%) deaths and 162 (32.2%) combined endpoints, including recurrence or metastasis, were observed. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that CT-based sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 ~ 3.87; P < 0.001) was independently associated with worse OS in LARC patients over a three-year period, but was not associated with shorter DFS (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.89 ~ 2.03; P = 0.163). CT-based sarcopenia was not significantly associated with postoperative complications of grade II or greater (odds ratio [OR]: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.62 ~ 2.68, P = 0.496) or prolonged LOS (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.6 ~ 1.86, P = 0.853). However, sarcopenic patients showed a higher risk of readmission (OR: 5.53, 95% CI: 1.57 ~ 19.5, P = 0.008) and a significant correlation with poorer CSS (HR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.64 ~ 4.72, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that sarcopenic LARC patients had a significantly higher cumulative hazard of OS compared to non-sarcopenic patients (P < 0.001, log-rank test). Similar patterns of association were observed in subgroup analyses (all P values for interaction > 0.05). Preoperative CT-based sarcopenia is independently associated with decreased OS, CSS, and an elevated risk of readmission in patients with LARC. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying sarcopenic patients at higher risk for adverse outcomes and suggest that interventions aimed at improving physical strength and endurance may play a critical role in informing treatment strategies and guiding clinical decisions.
TV documentary with documentary style and humanistic quality is an important path to intercultural communication and effective carrier.Chinese documentary creative vision need to globalization, cultural resources with the strangeness and commonality, who spread the idea of the diverse demands of the subject matter, such as a common strategy to seek "nationalization" and "internationalization" of the meeting point, to enhance cross-spread and influence culture.
Abstract Liquid metal (LM) has potential applications in flexible electronics due to its high electrical conductivity and high flexibility. However, common methods of printing LM circuits on soft substrates lack controllability, precision, and the ability to repair a damaged circuit. In this paper, we propose a method that uses a magnetic field to guide a magnetic LM (MLM) droplet to print and repair a flexible LM circuit on a femtosecond (fs) laser-patterned silicone surface. After mixing magnetic iron (Fe) particles into LM, the movement of the resultant MLM droplet could be controlled by a magnetic field. A patterned structure composed of the untreated flat domain and the LM-repellent rough microstructure produced by fs laser ablation was prepared on the silicone substrate. As an MLM droplet was guided onto the designed pattern, a soft LM circuit with smooth, uniform, and high-precision LM lines was obtained. Interestingly, the MLM droplet could also be guided to repair the circuit broken LM lines, and the repaired circuit maintained its original electrical properties. A flexible tensile sensor was prepared based on the printed LM circuit, which detected the bending degree of a finger.
Abstract Chimerical retroposition delineate a process by which RNA reverse transcribed integration into genome accompanied with recruiting flanking sequence, which is asserted to play essential roles and drive genome evolution. Although chimerical retrogenes hold high origination rate in plant genome, the evolutionary pattern of retrogenes and their parental genes are not well understood in rice genome. In this study, using maximum likelihood method, we evaluated the substitution ratio along lineages of 24 retrogenes and parental gene pairs to retrospect the evolutionary patterns. The results indicate that some specific lineages in 7 pairs underwent positive selection. Besides the rapid evolution in the initial stage of new chimerical retrogene evolution, an unexpected pattern was revealed: soon or some uncertain period after the origination of new chimerical retrogenes, their parental genes evolved rapidly under positive selection, rather than the rapid evolution of the new chimerical retrogenes themselves. This result lend support to the hypothesis that the new copy assistant the function evolution among parental gene and retrogene. Transcriptionally, we also found that one retrogene (RCG3) have a high expression at the period of calli infection which supported by chip data while its parental gene doesn’t have. Finally, by calibration to Ka/Ks analysis results in other species including Apis mellifera , we concluded that chimerical retrogenes are higher proportionally positive selected than the regular genes in the rice genome.
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