In order to study the damage effects of triple junction GsAs solar cell under the high energy pulse laser radiation, a irradiation effects experiment utilizing a 1064nm nanosecond pulse laser as the intense light source was carried out. When the solar cell was irradiated by a nanosecond pulse laser with a single pulse energy density of 0.3J/cm2 , the maximum output power of the solar cell decreases with the accumulated pulse energy increases. During the experiment, it was found that the phenomenon of nanosecond laser irradiation on triple junction gallium arsenide solar cells was significantly different from that of continuous wave(CW)laser irradiation. Firstly, viewing from outside, there's almost no significant changes were observed in the appearance of solar cells before and after the pulse laser irradiation. But the CW laser caused significant changes in the morphology of solar cells, even bursting. Secondly, by summarizing the I-V curves measured before and after the pulse laser irradiation, the open circuit voltage and fill factor were obviously decreased after the irradiation, and the short-circuit current remains almost unchanged before the solar cell is 100% no-output. This is different from the phenomenon reported in literature that CW laser irradiation induced an increase on short-circuit current in triple junction GaAs solar cell. Based on this phenomenon, the damage mechanism of nanosecond pulse laser on triple junction GaAs solar cells was analyzed from the aspects of volt ampere characteristics, equivalent circuit and damage of sub battery.
Nowadays, wearable devices mainly exist in the form of portable accessories with various functions, connecting various kinds of terminals like mobile phones to form various wearable systems. In a wearable system, the wearable power supply device is the key component as energy dispenser for all devices. Nanosheets, a kind of two-dimensional material, which always displays a high surface-to-volume ratio and thus is lightweight and has remarkable conductive as well as electrochemical properties, have become the optimal choice for wearable power supply devices. The development and status of nanosheet-based wearable power supply devices including nanosheet-based wearable batteries, nanosheet-based wearable supercapacitors, nanosheet-based wearable self-powered energy suppliers are introduced in this article. Besides, the future opportunities and challenges of wearable devices are discussed.
The aim of the current study was to improve the knowledge of the gelation process of injectable thermosensitive hydrogels comprising chitosan (CS) and β-glycerophosphate disodium salt (β-GP). The sol-gel transition process was precisely tracked by means of rheological measurement, in which the viscosity changed considerably with gelation time and temperature. The zero-order kinetics model was assumed to adequately describe the extent of gelation reaction. The reaction rate constant increased continuously with the increasing temperature and β-GP concentration. According to Arrhenius equation, the activation energies of gelation reaction for the chitosan injectable hydrogels were calculated as 64.38 KJ/mol, 101.68 KJ/mol and 140.92 KJ/mol for the samples containing 4% w/v, 6% w/v and 8% w/v of β-GP, respectively. It could be an effective way to study the gelation dynamics of injectable hydrogels, and provide references for clinical practice.
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