In order to produce millimeter-scale plasmas for the research of laser-plasma interactions (LPIs), gasbag target is designed and tested on Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. The x-ray pinhole images show that millimeter-scale plasmas are produced with the gasbag. The electron temperature inferred from the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectrum is about 1.6 keV. The SRS spectrum also indicates that the electron density has a flat region within the duration of 200 ps. The obvious differences between the results of the gasbag and that of the void half hohlraum show the feasibility of the gasbag target in creating millimeter-scale plasmas. The LPIs in these millimeter-scale plasmas may partially mimic those in the ignition condition because the duration of the existence of a flat plasma density is much larger than the growth time of the two main instabilities, i.e., SRS and stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). So we make the conclusion that the gasbag target can be used to research the large-scale LPIs.
The process of shield tunneling at Chengdu Metro Line 1 in sandy cobble ground is simulated in meso-scale and marco-scale by laboratory experiment and using particle flow code in 2D(PFC2D) and finite element software of Plaxis 3D,respectively.The settlement character and failure mechanism driving by earth pressure balance shield(EPBS) in sandy cobble ground are revealed.Based on the comparison of the estimated values from meso and macro simulation results with the in-situ soil settlements and construction parameters,the surface settlement trough and subsidence patterns are approached.The influence of the chamber pressure at the tunnel face and the grouting pressure at the tail gap on the ground surface subsidence are analyzed;and the suitable values for the chamber pressure at the tunnel face and the grouting pressure at the tail gap are suggested.Compared to the grouting pressure,chamber pressure has relatively smaller effect on both the shape of the curve and the maximum surface settlement based on the analysis results.However,much attention should be paid to the chamber pressure,which may have greatly influence on the stability of the tunnel face and result in abruptly collapse in sandy cobble ground due to the effect of arching.
RNA interference, which involves the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA), has been used to validate target genes, to understand and control cellular metabolic pathways, and to use as a "green" alternative to confer pest tolerance in crops. Conventional siRNA delivery methods such as viruses and Agrobacterium-mediated delivery exhibit plant species range limitations and uncontrolled DNA integration into the plant genome. Here, we synthesize polyethylenimine-functionalized gold nanoclusters (PEI-AuNCs) to mediate siRNA delivery into intact plants and show that these nanoclusters enable efficient gene knockdown. We further demonstrate that PEI-AuNCs protect siRNA from RNase degradation while the complex is small enough to bypass the plant cell wall. Consequently, AuNCs enable gene knockdown with efficiencies of up 76.5 ± 5.9% and 76.1 ± 9.5% for GFP and ROQ1, respectively, with no observable toxicity. Our data suggest that AuNCs can deliver siRNA into intact plant cells for broad applications in plant biotechnology.
Abstract According to the life cycle theory, the project analyzed the energy consumption of the entire asphalt pavement construction process, and clarified the energy consumption monitoring method of key nodes during the asphalt pavement construction period and the energy consumption boundary of each link during the construction period; the raw materials used for the asphalt pavement and each link during the construction period The energy consumption was compared and analyzed, the key nodes of energy consumption control during the asphalt pavement construction period were clarified, the energy consumption of different asphalt mixtures were compared and analyzed, and the asphalt pavement energy consumption evaluation system was established.
How the microscopic structure of complex network takes influence on the epidemic propagation is investigated. Special attention is paid to the growing network where its average degree changes with time. A formula for the final density of infected individuals is given and is confirmed by numerical simulations. Our results show that the final density of refractory increases nonlinearly with both the average degree of nodes and the adjustable random parameter of network structure.
Background: Currently, the causal relationship between lymphocyte subsets and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. Therefore, we utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the association between lymphocyte subsets and CAD. Methods: We performed a two-sample MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) datasets. The primary method of analysis to comprehensively evaluate causal effects was the inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method. The four additional MR approaches were MR–Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. Sensitivity analysis incorporated Cochran's Q and MR–Egger intercept tests to identify residual heterogeneity and potential horizontal pleiotropy, respectively. The MR–PRESSO distortion test was applied to identify potential pleiotropic outliers. Leave-one-out analysis confirmed that no single single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) significantly affected the MR estimate. We conducted reverse MR analysis to investigate the impact of variables correlated with outcomes in forward MR analysis. Results: The IVW method revealed a significant positive association between B cell count and CAD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.11), p = 2.67 × 10-5). A similar association was observed between B cell count and myocardial infarction (MI) (OR = 1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.11), p = 5.69 × 10-4). Sensitivity analyses detected no outliers, heterogeneity, or pleiotropy. The reverse MR analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of CAD and MI on B cell count, and the IVW results showed no statistical significance. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a higher absolute B cell count is linked to an increased risk of CAD and MI.
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