Recognizing the increasing gap between what is researched in academic communityand what is practiced in industry, this series aims to bring together academic and industry leaders in their respective fields to discuss, exchange, and debate issues critical to the advancement of tourism.The book series intends to not only create a platform for academics and practitioners to share theories and practices with each other, but more importantly to serve as a collaborative venue for meaningful synthesis.
Biofilm studies are at the crossroads of Biology, Chemistry, Medicine, Material Science and Engineering, among other fields. Data harmonisation in Biofilms is therefore crucial to allow for researchers to collaborate, interchange, understand, and replicate studies at an inter-laboratory and inter-domain scale. The international Minimum Information About a Biofilms Experiment initiative has prepared a set of guidelines for documenting biofilms experiments and data, namely the minimum information checklist. This paper goes a step forward and describes a new ontology for the broad description of biofilm experiments and data. In such an interdisciplinary context we chose to rely on a common integration framework provided by a foundational ontology that facilitates the addition and extension of various sub-domain modules, and the consistent integration of terminology extracted from several existing ontologies, e.g. EXPO and ChEBI. The community is participating actively in the production of this resource, and it is already used by public biofilms-centred databases, such as BiofOmics, and bioinformatics tools, such as the Biofilms Experiment Workbench. This practical validation serves the purpose of disseminating the controlled vocabulary among researchers and identifying current limitations, glitches, and inconsistencies. Information branches will be added, extended or refactored according to user feedback and group discussions.
Universidade do Minho. Centro de Engenharia Biologica. Instituto de Biotecnologia e Bioengenharia (IBB-CEB) e Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) - PTDC/SAU-ESA/64609/2006; SFRH/BD/31065/2006
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of nosocomial and biofilm-associated infections which is often difficult to eradicate, due to its intrinsic resistance and capacity to undergo mutations and adaptations. This study aimed to assess the anti-biofilm activity of three essential oils (EOs) (Cinammon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), Tea tree (TTO) (Melaleuca alternifolia) and Palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini), and the existence of synergistic effects of TTO and its major component (Terpinen-4-ol (T4ol)) combined with Ciprofloxacin (CIP), against 24-hour-old P. aeruginosa biofilms. Results showed that the treatment of pre-established P. aeruginosa biofilms with the three plant EOs, T4ol and CIP, individually, promoted a significant decrease of biofilm biomass and the number of biofilm entrapped cells, mainly for higher concentrations. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial synergisms combining TTO or T4ol with CIP revealed to be more successful, since significant disturbance of biofilms occurs for lower concentrations of the products. T4ol associated with CIP was the combination that revealed the most promising synergistic effects. Therefore, T4ol-CIP association may be a useful therapeutic option to treat P. aeruginosa biofilm infections.
Concurrent to conventional bacterial pathogens, unusual microbes are emerging from cystic fibrosis (CF) airways. Nonetheless, little is known about the contribution of these newly microbes to the resilience of CF-associated biofilms, particularly under variable-oxygen concentrations that are known to occur in vivo in the mucus of CF patients. Two CF-emergent bacterial species, Inquilinus limosus and Dolosigranulum pigrum , and the major pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied in terms of biofilm development and antibiotic susceptibilities under in vitro atmospheres with different oxygen availabilities. All species were able to develop in vitro biofilms under different oxygen-available environments, with D. pigrum accumulating high amounts of biomass and respiratory activities. When established, biofilms were of difficult eradication, with antibiotics losing their effectiveness in comparison with the corresponding planktonic populations. Surprisingly, biofilms of each emergent organism displayed multidrug resistance under aerobic environments, enduring even in low-oxygen atmospheres. This study suggests a potential prospect on the impact of nonconventional organisms I. limosus and D. pigrum on CF lung infections, demonstrating capacity to adapt to biofilm mode of life under restricted-oxygen atmospheres resembling CF airways, which may ultimately endanger the efficacy of currently used antibiotic regimens.