For the purpose of the comparative environmental estimation of the incineration processes for domestic wastes, environmental impacts for several incineration processes for one ton of domestic wastes have been estimated by employing life cycle assessment as the environmental impact assessment method. The scheme of minimum production of environmental pollutants has been considered for three different incineration processes. The evaluation for latent influence on environment was carried out by using CML(Center of Environmental Science) method which was developed by University of Leyden in Netherlands based on the equivalency factor suggested by Korea Accreditation Board. The result of life cycle assessment has showed that the total cost analysis according to the amount of incinerating waste was dependent on the operating conditions of incineration process. In addition, the annual running cost for the incineration of one ton of wastes was estimated to be negatively dependent on the amount of wastes. The degree of environmental pollution was mainly due to the kinds of the wastes rather than by the amount of wastes.
GPS and mobile TV are widely used in a lot of portable device, navigation, and mobile phone. As this solution, this paper presents a compact module for a mobile TV with GPS by using system-on-package (SoP) technology. In order to implement a slim and compact module, a GPS chip is embedded in printed-circuit-board (PCB) and a mobile TV IC and other components are mounted in PCB. This module is composed of a mobile TV IC, a GPS IC, a BPF, a crystal, regulators, shunt capacitors, series inductors, and a loop filter. This module uses lamination process and a GPS IC is embedded by using chip-first process. Polymer substrate consists of epoxy core as core substrate and ajimoto-bonding film (ABF) to bond each layer. Three times lamination and via drill/Cu plated are proposed. The dimension of a GPS IC is 3.5 mm × 3.2 mm × 0.32 mm. An IC is positioned in epoxy core. The thickness of epoxy cores, two kind of ABFs, 350 um, 40 um, and 20 um are applied, respectively. 0.6 mm thickness is obtained in this paper by embedding an IC. In order to check the performance and size for embedded modules, two representative modules for mobile TV/GPS with surface mounting technology (SMT) and with SoP technology are designed and compared. The size of module with SMT and SoP are as 16.5 mm × 11.5 mm × 1.1 mm and 13.5 mm × 12.5 mm × 1.1 mm, respectively. Almost 11 % size reduction is obtained by SoP. A presented module for a mobile TV/GPS was measured by DVB-TDMB test set and GPS program. Rx sensitivity of a mobile TV and a GPS is measured as -92 dBm and -162 dBm/Hz, respectively. Mobile broadcast and GPS information are well received and performed in commercial field. As a result, SoP technology was better than SMT technology in a view of size under good performance.
Purpose: The changes of phoria and subjective asthenopia before and after viewing were compared based on 2D image and two ways of 3D images, and presented for references of 3D image watching and production. Methods: Change in phoria was measured before and after watching 2D image, 3D-FPR and 3D-SG images for 30 minutes with a target of 41 university students at 20-30 years old (male 26, female 15). Paired t-test and Pearson correlation between changed phoria and subjective symptoms which were measured using questionnaires were evaluated by before and after watching each images. Results: Right after watching 2D image, exophoria was increased by 0.5 , in distance and near, but it was not a significant level. Right after watching 3D image, exophoria was increased by 1.0~1.5 , and 1.5~2.0 , in distance and near, respectively when compared with before watching. In the significant level, exophoria tended to increase. Changes in near was increased more by 0.5 , compared with those in distance. Changes based on way of 3D-FPR and 3D-SG image were less than 0.5 , and there was almost no difference. In terms of visual subjective symptoms, eye strain was increased in 3D image compared with that in 2D image. In addition, there was no difference depending on way of image. In terms of Pearson correlation between phoria change and eye strain, as exophoria was increased, eye strain was increased. Conclusions: Watching 3D image increased eye strain compared with watching 2D image, and accordingly exophoria tended to increase.
Purpose: In this study, an approach using the heated glazing window system as an auxiliary heating system is evaluated in terms of thermal comfort. Heat loss through window parts can occur relatively high because of low thermal resistance, which causes keeping lower surface temperature of the window, typically when outdoor air temperature is lower. With such issues, occupants may feel thermal discomfort near window parts mainly due to the radiant temperature asymmetry. In this study, an approach using the heated glazing window system as an auxiliary heating system is proposed to improve the performance of occupant‘s thermal comfort in a conditioned room. Method: For this analysis, a floor radiant heating system is considered as the main heat supply system in the conditioned zone. The internal thermal information of the room is calculated using a two-dimensional heat transfer analysis simulation (i.e., TRISCO). To quantitatively analyize the thermal comfort of the space adjacent to the window, the Predicted Mean Vote(PMV) at each point is derived by dividing the internal space into a two-dimensional grid. Result: As a result of the analysis, it was found that the heated glazing window system contributes to making the indoor thermal comfort uniform and can improve the thermal comfort of the window adjacent area. The maximum PPD deviation of the indoor space is about 6.3% when the heated glazing system is not operated, 1.8% under the heating of 20W/㎡, and 0.08% under the heating of 40W/㎡
The variation of the stable region of arsenic compounds in aqueous environment with temperature has been investigated by constructing the Pourbaix diagram of arsenic at different temperatures. The standard potential corresponding to the boundary between arsenic compounds with different charge valence was estimated to be decreased with temperature, which means the stability of arsenic compound with +5 charge valence increases. The distribution diagram of the most highly oxidized arsenic compound showed that arsenic acid is formed at higher pH and arsenate is generated at lower pH as temperature rises. The aquatic toxicity due to arsenic compounds was considered to be decreased with temperature in the neutral pH condition based on the LD value defined in this study.
본 연구는 2019년 유네스코 인류무형문화유산으로 등재된 씨름을 대상으로 한 학위논문을 분석하여 기존의 씨름관련 연구의 체육사적 의미를 고찰함에 있으며 이를 통해 세계적인 신체문화로서 씨름에 관한 연구 방향을 탐색하였다. 유구한 역사를 지닌 한국 씨름은 지금까지 많은 인기를 누리고 있는 한국의 대표적인 신체문화이었으며 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 씨름에 대한 연구를 분석한 결과 처음 연구가 시작되었던 1970년대에는 체육 교육의 종목으로서 그 가치를 탐색하는 연구가 진행되었고, 1980년대에는 프로 스포츠로서 이를 관리 할 수 있는 영역에 대한 다양한 욕구가 발현되어 연구들이 진행된 것을 살펴 볼 수 있었다. 이후 2000년 초기 씨름의 인기가 쇠퇴되어갔으나 2006년 기점으로 다시금 도약하는 시기를 맞이하게 되었고, 이 시기에는 다양한 학술적 방법이 사용되는 연구들이 진행된 것을 고찰할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 현재 씨름이란 종목은 한국 체육학의 연구 대상으로서 확실히 인식되었음을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 세계적인 신체문화로서 다른 지역의 유사 신체문화와 운동학적이며 문화적 동질감과 독창성을 비교한 연구는 아직까지 진행되지 않았으며, 이를 위해서는 다른 지역의 신체문화와 비교할 수 있는 연구 방법의 개발이 요구된다.
'%3e%3cg id='b'%3e%3cpath id='a' stroke='%23000' stroke-width='2' d='M-6-25H6m-12 3H6m-12 3H6'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' y='44'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0 17v10'/%3e%3ccircle r='12' fill='%23cd2e3a'/%3e%3cpath fill='%230047a0' d='M0-12A6 6 0 0 0 0 0a6 6 0 0 1 0 12 12 12 0 0 1 0-24z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3cg transform='rotate(-123.69)'%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath stroke='%23fff' d='M0-23.5v3M0 17v3.5m0 3v3'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e)