Abstract Background Higher intakes of dietary antioxidants have been linked to a lower type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the overall dietary antioxidant capacity, assessed by dietary antioxidant quality scores (DAQS) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), related to T2DM risk, especially in populations consuming relatively monotonous diets. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of DAQS, DTAC, and T2DM among rural Chinese adults. Methods Data from 12,467 participants from the Natural Population Cohort of Northwest China: Ningxia Project was analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. DAQS were calculated based on vitamins A, C, and E, zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) intake. DTAC was estimated using the ferric-reducing ability of plasma assay. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of DAQS and DTAC with T2DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess potential non-linear relationships between DTAC and T2DM. Results T2DM was observed in 1,238 (9.9%) participants. After adjusting for confounders, compared to the lowest tertiles (T1) of DAQS, the odds ratios (ORs) for T2DM were 1.03 (95% CI 0.82–1.30) in T2 and 0.85 (95% CI 0.68–1.06) in T3 ( P = 0.010). Compared to T1, the ORs for T2DM in the highest T3 were 0.78 (95% CI 0.67–0.91, P-trend = 0.008) for vitamin A, 1.34 (95% CI 1.15–1.56, P-trend < 0.001) for vitamin E, 0.83 (95% CI 0.71–0.97, P-trend = 0.007) for Se, and 0.86 (95% CI 0.74–1.01, P-trend = 0.033) for Zn. Compared to the lowest quartile(Q1) of DTAC, the OR in the highest Q4 was 0.96 (95% CI 0.80–1.17, P-trend = 0.024) for T2DM. A non-linear relationship was observed between DATC and T2DM. Conclusion Higher DAQS and DATC were associated with a lower T2DM risk, suggesting that consuming antioxidant-rich foods may reduce the T2DM risk.
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) preconditioning on cell apoptosis and the content of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI), so as to explore their mechanisms underlying improvement of MIRI. METHODS Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, sham, ischemia reperfusion (IR) and EA groups, with 20 rats in each group. Rats of the control, sham and IR groups were just banded on the boards for 30 min, once daily for 7 days. Before modeling, EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to Neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST36), Guanyuan(CV4) for 20 min, once daily for 7 successive days in the EA group. The MIRI model was established by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 20 min, followed by reperfusion for 30 min. Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) score was used to evaluate arrhythmia. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the level of CK-MB. DHE staining was used to detect the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The gene expression levels of cytochrome C (Cyt-C), Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, VA score, serum CK-MB content, ROS content in heart tissue and Cyt-C, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 gene expression were significantly up-regulated in the MIRI group (all P<0.01). Following the intervention, the increased VA score, serum CK-MB content, ROS content in heart tissue, Cyt-C, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 gene expression were all reversed in the EA group compared with the MIRI group (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION The protective effect of EA preconditioning on MIRI may be based on the regulation of ROS mediated-apoptosis pathway.
Acupuncture has been widely used for obesity treatment, but its mechanism is still unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms, we applied electroacupuncture (EA) at the Zusanli (ST36) acupoint and treadmill exercise (TE) in a diet-induced obese (DIO) rat model and used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify molecular consequences. Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were selected and randomly divided into five groups: control (C), DIO model (M), EA, TE, and EA + TE groups. According to the results, acupuncture reduced body weight and the ratio of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (retro-WAT) to body weight. Total RNA was extracted from the retro-WAT from five groups for RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) analysis showed that there were obvious differences among the four comparisons of C vs. M, M vs. EA, M vs. TE, and M vs. EA + TE, followed by 1383, 913, 3324, and 2794 DE genes. Gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed to further classify the DEGs. Several GO terms were commonly significantly enriched in both M vs. TE and M vs. EA, such as myofibril and muscle contraction. In addition, some pathways were regulated by EA and TE, such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway. This study is the first to compare and analyze the differences in gene expression profiles in the retro-WAT of rats in different groups, which provide a clue for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of obesity treatment by EA and TE.
Review question / Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different acupuncture and related therapies in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris.Condition being studied: Stable angina pectoris is a form of chronic heart disease associated with ill health and increased death rates, which greatly endangers patient's life quality and longevity.Acupuncture, as a key component of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been one of the most widely used INPLASY 1 International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols INPLASY PROTOCOLAcupuncture and related therapies for stable angina pectoris: a protocol for network meta-analysis
Abstract Background: Stable angina pectoris (SAP) is one of the important causes and harbingers of disability and mortality worldwide in the cardiovascular diseases. Acupuncture has been widely applied in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases in recent years. This systematic review protocol aims to analyze different acupuncture and related therapies to treat SAP, with a view to providing an evidence-based basis for clinical implementation of treatment for patients with SAP. Methods and analysis: The electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), and China Biology Medicine Database (CBM) will be searched from inception to November 2020. The outcome measures were angina attack frequency, ECG changes, angina pain intensity, performance on the Six-Minute Walk Test (6-MWT) and reported adverse events. Study inclusion, data extraction and quality assessment will be performed independently by 2 reviewers. STATA 14.0 will be used to perform pairwise meta-analysis. STATA 13.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 will be used to perform pairwise meta-analysis and will be used to conduct network meta-analyses. Results: The results of this review will generate a comprehensive review of current evidence and be published on a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusions: The result of this network meta-analysis is expected to provide a possible ranking for acupuncture treatment methods of stable angina pectoris and offer better options for patients with stable angina pectoris. Ethics and dissemination: Ethical approval is not necessary since this protocol is only for systematic review and does not involve privacy data or conduct an animal experiment. This protocol will be disseminated by a peer-review journal or conference presentation. Trial registration number: INPLASY2020110035.
Abstract Background Adiposity and insulin resistance (IR) are closely associated with hypertension; however, the role of interactions between obesity phenotypes and IR in hypertension is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat percentage (BF%) with IR on hypertension risk. Methods We analyzed data from 4888 participants (mean age 57 years, 41.2% men) in the China Northwest Natural Population Cohort, Ningxia Project. BMI, WC, and BF% were determined using bioelectrical impedance analysis devices. IR was estimated using a homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR). Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between HOMA-IR and hypertension risk. We calculated the relative excess risk and attributable proportion with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess whether adiposity phenotypes modified the effect of HOMA-IR on hypertension risk. Results The crude prevalence of hypertension was 52.2%. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of HOMA-IR was 1.80 (95% CI: 1.23–2.65) for the risk of hypertension in the highest versus the lowest quartiles, but this association became marginal in models further adjusting for BMI, WC, and BF% (P for trend = 0.056). Relative excess risk and attributable proportion for interaction between high HOMA-IR and high BF% were 0.32 (0.04–0.59) and 0.33 (0.06–0.60), respectively. Additionally, high truncal and leg BF% and high HOMA-IR accounted for the hypertension risk in women, but not in men. We did not observe any significant interactions between BMI or WC and HOMA-IR on hypertension. Conclusion BF% modified the association between IR and increased risk of hypertension in women with high truncal and leg BF%, but not in men.
Three non-insulin-based insulin resistance (IR) indices, ie, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, and metabolic score for IR (METS-IR), were considered powerful and simplified alternatives for IR. However, evidence for the association between the three IR indices and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially impaired fasting glucose (IFG), remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association among IR indices, incident IFG, and T2DM in a rural population cohort.We analyzed data from 2209 adults (aged 24-75 years) at baseline and from 1205 normoglycemic participants who were followed up. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between the three indices and IFG or T2DM. Restricted cubic spline curves based on the Cox regression model were used to examine the association between baseline indices and incident T2DM.For the baseline data, logistic analyses demonstrated that the TyG index, TG/HDL-C ratio, and METS-IR had a significantly positive correlation with IFG or T2DM after multivariable adjustment. During a median follow-up of 12.17 years, 157 incident cases of IFG and 97 incident cases of T2DM were noted. The risk of T2DM, but not IFG, was strongly associated with the baseline TyG index in the adjusted model, and participants with the TyG index in the third tertile had a higher risk of developing T2DM (adjusted hazards ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence intervals, 1.26-6.37; p for trend <0.001) than those in the lowest tertile (reference). Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between the TyG index and T2DM incidence. The TG/HDL-C ratio and METS-IR had no significant relationship with the risk of IFG or T2DM.The TyG index is more useful than the TG/HDL-C ratio and METS-IR in predicting T2DM in the normoglycemic population.
Frailty is an age-related syndrome associated with poor health outcomes. Studies in developed countries indicate that the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) are important dietary factors influencing the risk of frailty in older adults. However, few studies have explored the association between DII, DTAC, and frailty among older Chinese adults. The objective of the current study was to examine whether DII and DTAC were associated with pre-frailty or frailty among older Chinese adults.
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