The demand for utilizing medical ventilators for inter and intrahospital transport has risen quickly in recent periods of human society due to the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic. Patients who have suffered during this pandemic need different modes of ventilation as a vital cure for their injured lungs. The development of control modes for medical ventilators requires a mathematical model which is able to represent the behavior of an air compressor accurately. In this paper, a parametric black-box method is used to obtain such a mathematical model, that is Nonlinear AutoRegressive with eXogenous input (NARX) model. This NARX model is constructed by experimental data from the air compressor using the bump-based two double-acting pistons (DAPP). The term selection and parameter estimation process are presented and conducted based on measured data. The identification model is also validated based on statistic criteria in the aspect of one-step-ahead prediction (OSA). The results show great tracking performances of identified NARX model.
In handwritten mathematical expressions (ME), understanding the general structure of an ME is often easier than resolving local ambiguities. For instance, identifying a key operator in terms of its spatial relationship with its subordinates is relatively easier than resolving the ambiguities of single symbol identity and local spatial relationships. In addition, decisions related to key operators often occur close to the top (root) of the parse tree, while local decisions take place at the bottom of it. Based on these observations, we propose an incremental search framework in which a parse tree is expanded by tentatively selecting the key operators of an expression. The goodness of the selection is defined by the likelihood of key symbol, the goodness of the sub expressions, and their spatial relationships. In this framework, ambiguous local parts are processed after tentative decisions have been made at the global level. To handle explosiveness of key operator selection, an admissible heuristic function is defined based on the direct relationship of the key operator with the symbols at the bottom level. An experimental evaluation shows that our system is promising. Using it a robust interpretation can be made by utilizing global information and an interpretation can be reached quickly by the admissible heuristic function.
Recent studies have shown that the Internet-related energy consumption represents a significant, and increasing, part of the overall energy consumption of our society. Therefore, it is extremely important to look for energy-efficient Internet applications and protocols. For EPON, research on the development of protocols for higher energy efficiency at the PHY/MAC layers and the enactment of standards, and the improvement of energy efficiency of EPON devices is being conducted, while for networking equipment such as routers and switches and IDCs, research on saving the energy consumed by devices and the management of energy efficiency using power monitoring, cooling devices and metering technologies is being conducted. Against this backdrop, this study is aimed to develop methodology for the improvement of network energy efficiency in existing home/ small and medium-sized office network environments and to develop, test and evaluate an energy saving prototype for Convergence Adaptor
A Simple Path Planning algorithms for Automatic Guided Vehicle in Unknown Environment based on D* lite algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm changes method determining traversal cost of edge between two adjacent nodes to prevent AGV from traversing across obstacle's sharp corners, avoid complicated obstacles and prevent AGV from traversing in between two obstacles. The simulation and experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
This study optimizes VT and ΔVT in amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) field-effect transistors (FETs) by examining the influence of both channel length (L) and Ga composition. It was observed that as the ratio of In: Ga: Zn changed from 1:1:1 to 0.307:0.39:0.303 in the IGZO film, both VT and ΔVT decreased by 0.1 V at the shortest channel length (L = 0.5 μm). This reduction was attributed to the change in the oxygen concentration in IGZO due to the variation in Ga composition. In addition, as the channel length decreased from 10 μm to 0.5 μm, VT decreased by up to 0.7 V, and ΔVT decreased by up to 0.4 V. This observation was due to diffusion of oxygen vacancies (VO) from the source and drain into the main channel. To provide a comprehensive understanding, we quantitatively modeled the doping concentration of IGZO and the trap density of gate insulator (GI) traps using TCAD simulation based on Ga composition and diffusion of VO. Using this approach, we propose a method to optimize the design of a-IGZO FETs with high VT and low ΔVT in short-channel devices by adjusting the Ga composition.
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