Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can extract the tissue conductivity values from in vivo data using the so-called phase-based magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MR-EPT). However, this procedure suffers from noise amplification caused by the use of the Laplacian operator. To counter this issue, we propose a novel preprocessing denoiser for magnetic resonance transceive phase images, operating in an unsupervised manner. Inspired by the deep image prior approach, we apply the random initialization of a convolutional neural network, which enforces an implicit regularization. Additionally, we introduce Stein's unbiased risk estimator, which is the unbiased estimator of the mean square error for optimizing the network without the need for label images. This modification not only tackles the overfitting problem inherent in the deep image prior approach but also operates within a purely unsupervised framework. In addition, instead of using phase images, we use real and imaginary images, which aligns with the theoretical model of the risk estimator. Our generative model needs neither the preparation of training datasets nor prior training procedure, and it maintains adaptability across various resolutions and signal-to-noise ratio levels. In testing. our method significantly diminished residual error remaining in phase maps, quantitatively as well as qualitatively, for both phantom and simulated brain data. Furthermore, it outperformed other denoising methods in reducing noise amplification and boundary error. When applied to healthy volunteer and patient data, the proposed method revealed reduced error in the reconstructed conductivity maps, with conductivity values aligning well with established literature values. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first blind approach using a purely unsupervised denoising framework that can implement a 2D phase-based MR-EPT reconstruction algorithm. The source code is available at https://github.com/Yonsei-MILab/Implicit-Regularization-forMREPT-with-SURE.
본 시험은 한국토종닭 3원 교잡종의 부화 및 육성 능력을 보고자 수행하였다. 공시계는 국립축산과학원에서 생산된 종란을 인수하여 부화시킨 3원 교잡종 병아리 암컷이다. 4가지 교배 조합으로 생산된 360수의 암평아리들을 3반복으로 반복당 30수씩 완전 임의배치하였다. 4개의 교배 조합은 A) 토착겸용종 C계통$\times$재래종 Y계통$\times$토착겸용종 C계통, B) 토착겸용종 C계통$\times$재래종 L계통$\times$토착겸용종 C계통, C) 토착 겸용종 C계통$\times$재래종 G계통$\times$토착겸용종 C계통, D) 토착겸용종 C계통$\times$재래종 W계통$\times$토착겸용종 C계통이다. 수정률은 A, B, C 및 D에서 각각 89.8, 91.2, 92.4 및 92.8%였으며, 부화율은 각 계통에서 69.8, 70.7, 75.5 및 77.4%였다. 육성률은 계통간 유의적인 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 20주령 체중은 B계통에서 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 0~20주령까지의 사료요구율은 4계통에서 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 이런 결과들은 한국토종닭 3원 교잡종의 부화 및 육성 성적에 대한 기초적인 자료로서 이용될 것이라 사료된다. This work was conducted to evaluate the hatching and growing performance of Korean native chicken (KNC) 3 strains crossbred. A total of 360 female pullets were produced from $\times$ (A), CL $\times$ C (B), CG $\times$ C (C) and CW $\times$ C (D) crossbred kept in National Institute of Animal Science, Korea. Hatchability of A, B, C and D were 69.8, 70.7, 75.5 and 77.4%, respectively. Livability were not significantly different by 20 weeks among 4 strains. Body weight B was high compared to other strains at 20 weeks. The feed conversion ratio of 4 strains was no significantly different among strains at 20 weeks. These results suggested the basic data that needed to develope the new strains.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between bone morphology and injured ligaments on imaging studies and laxity on ankle stress radiographs in patients with lateral ankle instability. In total, 115 patients who had undergone ankle MRI, ankle radiography, and stress radiography were included. Distal tibial articular surface angle, bimalleolar tilt, medial and lateral malleolar relative length, medial malleolar slip angle, anterior inclination of the tibia, and fibular position were measured on ankle radiographs. Tibiotalar tilt angle and anterior translation of the talus were measured on ankle stress radiographs. Degree of ligament injury was evaluated on ankle MRIs. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the following independent variables: age, sex, and factors significantly associated with ankle stress view on univariate linear regression analysis. Age (p=0.041), sex (p=0.014), degree of anterior talofibular ligament injury (p<0.001), and bimalleolar tilt (p=0.016) were correlated with tibiotalar tilt angle. Fibular position and degree of posterior talofibular ligament injury were factors significantly related to anterior translation of the talus. Differences in patient characteristics might predispose ankle stress radiograph results. Comparison of both ankles on stress radiographs is superior to applying fixed numerical values to the injured side in order to reduce the influence of patient factors.
Objective Although growing evidence suggests that perivascular space (PVS) serves as a clearance route for amyloid and tau, the association between enlarged PVS (EPVS) and Alzheimer disease is highly inconsistent across studies. As the conventional visual rating systems for EPVS were insufficient to predict amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) status, we developed a new rating scale for EPVS located in the temporal lobe (T‐EPVS). Methods EPVS located in the basal ganglia (BG‐EPVS), centrum semiovale (CS‐EPVS), and T‐EPVS was visually rated in 272 individuals (healthy controls, n = 96; mild cognitive impairment, n = 106; dementia, n = 70) who underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual positron emission tomography scans ( 18 F‐flortaucipir and 18 F‐florbetaben). T‐EPVS and BG‐EPVS were defined as high degree when the counts in any hemisphere were >10, and the CS‐EPVS cutoff was >20. Logistic regression models were constructed to investigate whether the regional EPVS burden was predictive of A/T/N status. The derived models were externally validated in a temporal validation cohort (n = 195) that underwent MRI studies using a different scanner. Results Compared with those with low‐degree T‐EPVS (23/136, 16.9%), individuals with high‐degree T‐EPVS/CS‐EPVS but low‐degree BG‐EPVS were more likely to exhibit amyloid positivity (46/56, 82.1%). High‐degree T‐EPVS burden (odds ratio [OR] = 7.251, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.296–15.952) and low‐degree BG‐EPVS (OR = 0.241, 95% CI = 0.109–0.530) were predictive of amyloid positivity. Although high‐degree T‐EPVS was associated with tau positivity, the association was no longer significant after adjusting for amyloid and neurodegeneration status. Interpretation Investigating the burden and topographic distribution of EPVS including T‐EPVS may be useful for predicting amyloid status, indicating that impaired perivascular drainage may contribute to cerebral amyloidosis. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:965–978
본 시험은 한국토종닭의 3원 교배가 생산성과 육질에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 공시계는 국립축산과학원 축산자원개발부에서 보유하고 있는 한국토종닭 순종을 3원 교배하여 발생한 암수 병아리 540수와 백세미 180수를 이용하였다. 시험 설계는 A) CS${\times}$B, B) CH${\times}$S, C) RS${\times}$H, D) 백세미에서 발생된 4 교배종의 병아리를 각각 암수 구분하여, $4{\times}2$의 총 8교배종, 교배종당 9반복, 반복당 10수씩($4{\times}2{\times}9{\times}10$) 총 720수를 완전임의 배치하였다. 목표 체중에 도달했을 때(5주령과 10주령), 교배 조합에 따라 각각 수컷 9수씩 도축하여 도체율과 부분육(날개, 등, 목, 가슴, 다리) 비율을 조사하고 육질검사를 하였다. 수정율은 처리구간에 차이가 없었으며, 부화율은 B 교배종이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 체중은 5주령에 수컷의 체중이 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 증체량, 사료 요구율은 A 교배종이 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 도체율의 경우에는, 5주령에 A 교배종이 가장 높았으나(P<0.05), 10주령에는 교배종간 차이가 없었다. 부분육의 경우, 5주령시에는 C 교배종의 날개, 목, 가슴, 다리의 비율이 다른 교배종에 비해 낮았으나(P<0.05), 가슴 부위는 다른 교배종과 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 10주령에는 A 교배종의 가슴 비율이 가장 높았으며(P<0.05), 다른 부분육의 비율은 교배종간 차이가 없었다(P<0.05). 5주령 계육의 화학적 성상을 보면, pH는 교배 조합 사이에서 유의차가 없었으며, 수분의 함량은 D 교배종, 단백질 함량은 B 교배종이 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 지방과 회분 함량은 교배 조합 사이에서 유의차가 없었다. 10주령의 계육의 화학적 성상은 pH가 A 교배 조합에서 가장 높았고, 수분, 지방, 단백질 및 회분 함량은 교배 조합 사이에서 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 5주령의 육색은 명도($L^*$)와 적색도($a^*$)는 교배종간 차이가 없었으나, 10주령의 육색은 A 교배종의 적색도($a^*$)가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 5주령에서 전단력과 가열 감량은 A 교배종이 높게 나타났으나(P<0.05). 10주령의 가열 감량은 A 교배종이 다른 교배종들에 비해 낮았다(P<0.05). The current work was carried out to investigate the effect of crossbred Korean native chickens (KNC) on performance and meat quality. A total of 720 chicks (1d of age) was used in this work and were divided into groups by crossbreds (A, B, C and D) and sex (male and female). Crossbreds were A) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains) ${\times}$ Ross broiler, B) (KNC egg-meat type C strains ${\times}$ KNC meat type H strains) ${\times}$ KNC meat type S strains, C) (KNC native R strains${\times}$KNC meat type S strains)${\times}$KNC meat type H strains and D(White Semibroiler Chickens). Experimental diets consisted of 3 phases such as starter (0~5 weeks; CP 20.0%, ME 3,050 kcal/kg), earlier (5~8 weeks; CP 18.0%, ME 3,100 kcal/kg) and finisher (8~12 weeks; CP 16.0%, ME 3,150 kcal/kg). They were fed the broiler diets for 12 weeks at the flat house and thirty six chickens were slaughtered at week 5 and 10. There was no significant difference on the fertility of crossbred KNCs, and the hatchability of B crossbred was low compared to other crossbreds. On body weight (BW), D crossbred resulted in a higher BW after 5 weeks (P<0.05). Body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of A crossbred were also significant higher compared to the other crossbreds for all periods. On carcass ratio (CR), A crossbred showed higher CR at 5 weeks, there was no significant among crossbreds at 10 weeks. The partial meat ratio(ala, breast, neck, leg) of C crossbred was the lowest among other crossbreds (P<0.05), but the back meat ratio was not difference among treatments at 5 and 10 weeks. pH of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 5 week, and A crossbred was high compared to other crossbreds at 10 week (P<0.05). The moisture content of D crossbred meat and the protein content of B crossbred meat were high compared to other crossbreds at 5 week. Chemical compositions of meats have no difference among crossbreds at 10 week. Lightness and redness have not significance among crossbreds at 5 week, and redness of A crossbred was the highest among all crossbreds (P<0.05). Shear force and cooking loss of A crossbred were high at 5 week, and cooking loss of A crossbred was low compared with other crossbreds at 10 week. These results suggested the basic data that needed to develope the new strains.
The presence of good collaterals on CT angiography (CTA) is a well-known predictor for favorable outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Recently, multiphase CT has been introduced as a more accurate method in assessing collaterals. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of dual-phase CT to evaluate collateral status and predict clinical outcome.Forty-three patients who underwent both dual-phase CT and transfemoral cerebral angiography (TFCA) for occluded intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and/or middle cerebral artery (M1 segment) were recruited from a prospectively collected database. The collateral status on dual-phase CT was graded by using a 4-point scale: grade 0 = no collaterals; 1 = some collaterals with persistence of some defects; 2 = slow but complete collaterals; and 3 = fast and complete collaterals. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to define the independent predictors for favorable outcome at 3 months.Dual-phase CT collateral status (ρ = 0.744) showed higher correlation with TFCA collateral status than CTA collateral status (ρ = 0.596) and substantial interobserver agreement (weighted κ = 0.776). In the univariate analysis, age, history of hypertension, collateral scores on CTA, dual-phase CT, and TFCA, occlusion in intracranial ICA, final infarct volume, and symptomatic hemorrhage were significantly associated with outcome. Among them, only the dual-phase CT collateral score was an independent predictor for favorable outcome (OR = 26.342 (2.788-248.864); P = 0.004) in the multivariate analysis.The collateral status on dual-phase CT can be a useful predictor for clinical outcome in acute stroke patients, especially when advanced CT techniques are not available in emergent situations.
Parkinson disease (PD) shows degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and characteristic changes in brain metabolism. However, how they correlated and affect motor and cognitive dysfunction in PD has not yet been well elucidated.
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