Abstract Kawasaki disease (KD) is a severe acute febrile illness and systemic vasculitis that causes coronary artery aneurysms in young children. Platelet hyperreactivity and an aberrant immune response are key indicators of KD; however, the mechanism by which hyperactive platelets contribute to inflammation and vasculopathy in KD remains unclear. A cytokine‐mediated positive feedback loop between KD platelets and monocytes is identified. KD platelet–monocyte aggregates (MPAs) are mediated by an initial interaction of P‐selectin (cluster of differentiation 62P, CD62p) and its glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL‐1). This is followed by a coordinated interaction of platelet glycoprotein (GP)Ibα with monocyte CD11b. Monocyte‐activated platelets initiate transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 release, which results in nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappaB in monocytes, therefore, driving the phenotypic conversion of classical monocytes (CD14 + CD16 − ) into proinflammatory monocytes (CD14 + CD16 + ). The platelet‐activated monocytes release interleukin‐1 and tissue necrotic factor‐α, which promote further platelet activation. KD‐induced inflammation and vasculopathy are prevented by inhibiting the components of this positive feedback loop. Notably, mice deficient in platelet TGFβ1 show less MPA and CD14 + CD16 + monocytes, along with reduced inflammation and vasculopathy. These findings reveal that platelet–monocyte interactive proteins (CD62p/PSGL‐1 and (GP)Ibα/CD11b) and cytokine mediators (platelet TGFβ1) are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for KD vasculopathy.
Marine algal toxins have garnered significant attention in the research community for their unique biochemical properties and potential medical applications. These bioactive compounds, produced by microalgae, pose significant risks due to their high toxicity, yet offer promising therapeutic benefits. Despite extensive research identifying over 300 marine algal toxins, including azaspiracids, brevetoxins, cyclic imines, and yessotoxins, gaps remain in the understanding of their pharmacological potential. In this paper, we critically review the classification, bioactive components, toxicology, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of these toxins, with a particular focus on their clinical applications. Our motivation stems from the increasing interest in marine algal toxins as candidates for drug development, driven by their high specificity and affinity for various biological receptors. We aim to bridge the gap between toxicological research and therapeutic application, offering insights into the advantages and limitations of these compounds in comparison to other bioactive substances. This review not only enhances the understanding of marine algal toxins' complexity and diversity, but also highlights their extensive application potential in medicine and bioscience, providing a foundation for future research and development in this field.
Providencia sneebia strain ST1 is a symbiotic bacterium (belonging to phylum gammaproteobacteria) with marine microalgae.This bacterium exhibits the ability to produce N-Acyl homoserine lactone signal molecule.To date, no genome that originates from marine Providencia spp.has been reported.In this study, we present the genome sequence of this strain.It has a genome size of 4.89 M, with 19 contigs and an average G+C of 51.97%.The function of 4,631 proteins was predicted, and 3,652 proteins were assigned to COG functional categories.Among them, 407 genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, 306 genes participate in nitrogen utilization and energy conversion, and 185 genes related to signal transduction process.Thus, this strain plays an active role in the biogeochemical cycle in algal life history.The whole-genome of this isolate and annotation will help enhance understanding of bacterial ecological behavior in the phycosphere.
To adapt to the rapidly changing market and capricious trends, fashion brands need to understand trends and market conditions precisely and fast to produce marketable products. The traditional fashion trend analysis has relied heavily on the subjective judgement of experts, inevitably leading to biased decisions and is time-consuming. The development of computer vision and machine learning provides an objective and systematic approach to processing images and analysis of fashion products. However, most studies focus on clothing trends analysis, few are on shoe trends analysis. Hence, this study aimed to decode and analyse the fashion trend of sports shoes with empowered computer vision technology. In this paper, a dataset containing e-commerce images of sports shoes with precise annotations was established; then Mask-RCNN was utilized to classify and extract the shoe from the background image; a modified version of the K-means clustering algorithm was employed to detect the shoe colour. The results indicated that fashionable sports shoes and casual sports shoes were the most prevalent two styles. Besides neutral tones, yellow, red ochre and reddish orange were popular in casual sports shoes, fashion sports shoes and basketball shoes respectively and Atlantic Blue in board shoes and trainers. This study demonstrated the promising potential of computer vision and machine learning as a new method to analyse footwear fashion trends efficiently and economically.
Migration and invasion play crucial roles in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Analysis of clinical samples indicates that SQSTM1/p62 is highly expressed in HCC and seriously affects the prognosis of patients. Subsequently, we showed that SQSTM1/p62 knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system led to impaired migration and invasion of HCC, upregulated Keap1, and promoted the inhibitory effect of Keap1 on Nrf2. Then, the inactivation of Nrf2 inhibited the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), thus attenuating the migration and invasion of HCC. We also found that SQSTM1/p62 knockout significantly inhibited migration and invasion in a lung metastasis model of nude mice with HCC. Furthermore, we found that cisplatin not only significantly inhibited the expression of SQSTM1/p62 but also slowed down the migration and invasion of HCC, while the inflammatory microenvironment accelerated the migration and invasion of HCC. These results suggest for the first time that SQSTM1/p62 knockout inhibits the migration and invasion of HCC through the Keap1/Nrf2/MMP2 signaling pathway. SQSTM1/p62 may be developed into a key drug target to regulate the migration and invasion of HCC cells.
Colitis is not fully curable, although currently, some treatment options are being adopted. In this study, we investigated the effects of pineapple leaf phenols (PLPs), natural phenol products from pineapple leaves, on DSS-induced colitis in mice. The results showed that PLPs dramatically decreased the inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB activation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Moreover, PLPs provided protection against DSS-induced acute colitis by maintaining epithelial integrity. Caffeic and P-coumaric acids had similar effects and could be the active components responsible for PLPs' effect on colitis. These results indicate that the oral administration of PLPs might be considered as a therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients with colitis. However, further research on clinical applications and the exact effect of PLPs on colitis is required.
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