63 cases of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (ML), including 18 cases of gastric ML, 25 cases of small intestinal ML, 12 cases of ileocaecal ML and 8 cases of large intestinal ML, were studied. Small non-cleaved cell lymphomas were most common, accounting for 25.4% which was more common in the bowel than in the stomach. In 41 cases, a panel of monoclonal antibodies including L26, UCHL-1, Leu22 and Mac387 were used on paraffin section. The result of the staining was satisfactory in 37 cases. There were 35 cases (94.6%) exhibiting B-cell phenotype and 2 cases (5.4%) exhibiting T-cell phenotype. No histiocytic type was detected. The results of this and previous studies confirm the fact that most gastrointestinal lymphomas are B-cell lymphomas.
We have immunized Balb/c mice and rabbits with a minute quantity of a 30 kD neuronotrophic factor which was isolated from the extract of newborn rat tectum (Te) by Phast System gel electrophoresis. Splenic cells from the immunized mice were hybridized with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. Three clones were selected from 576 wells of hybridomas and were capable of secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to the retinal ganglion neuronotrophic factor (RGNTF-MAbs), namely A1, D3 and E8. Subtyping of the three monoclonal antibodies revealed that A1 and D3 are IgG3 and E8 is IgM. They maintained secreting antibodies even after six months of culturing in vitro. In order to determine the specificities of these antibodies, we have used their ascites fluids containing antibodies at a different dilutions to study their effects on the survival of retinal ganglion cells in vitro. The results indicated that at the dilution ranges of 1:250 to 2000, all three monoclonal antibodies exhibited inhibition on the survival of retinal ganglion cells and the inhibition increased with increases in antibody concentrations; especially at a dilution of 1:250, the E8 monoclonal antibody reaching 70% inhibition and A1 and D3 reaching 66% and 62% inhibition, respectively. Polyclonal antibodies from rabbits exhibited similar but weaker results of inhibition. We can conclude that the monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies can specifically inhibit the activity of the 30 kD retinal ganglion neuronotrophic factor.
To study the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of clinafloxacin in rats.The drug concentration was determined by HPLC. The main pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by 3P87 program. An RP-C18 was used as the stationary phase. The mobile phase was a mixture of acetonitrile-0.05 mol.L-1 citric acid triethylamine (pH 2.5) (20:80). The flow rate was 1.0 mL.min-1. The UV absorbance detector was set at 300 nm.A good linearity was obtained from 0.03-20 micrograms.mL-1 of clinafloxacin in rat plasma with gamma = 0.9998. The plasma concentration--time curve of clinafloxacin conformed to one compartment open model. After ig administration of 50 mg.kg-1 and 100 mg.kg-1 dose of clinafloxacin in six rats, mean Cmax and AUC values increased in proportion to dose. Mean T1/2 appeared to be independent of dose. Mean AUC was 65 +/- 6 and 27 +/- 4 micrograms.h.mL-1 respectively after i.v. and ig administration of 100 mg.kg-1 dose. The extent of bioavailability (F) of clinafloxacin was 42%.The results of the pharmacokinetic study of clinafloxacin showed that it exhibited first order kinetic characteristics and the bioavailability is low.
T cell-dependent B-cell responses decline with age, indicating declined cognate helper activity of aged CD4 + T cells for B cells. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a novel T helper subset, play an essential role in helping B cells differentiation into long-lived plasma cells in germinal center (GC) or short-lived plasma cells. In the present study, we proposed that there might existe changes of proportion, phenotype or cytokine production of blood Tfh cells in healthy elderly individuals compared with healthy young individuals.The results showed that frequencies of aged blood CXCR5 + CD4 + Tfh cells increased compared with young subjects. Both aged and young blood CXCR5 + CD4 + Tfh cells constitutively expressed CD45RO, CCR7 and CD28, and few of these cells expressed CD69 or HLA-DR, which indicated that they were resting memory cells. There was no significant difference of IL-21 frequency production by aged blood CXCR5 + CD4 + Tfh determined by FACS compared with young individuals, however, aged PBMCs produced significantly higher levels of IL-21 evaluated by ELISA. Furthermore, there were no significant differences of percentages of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 or IL-22 production by aged Tfh cells compared with their counterparts of young individuals respectively. However, frequencies of IL-17+ cells within aged CD4 + CXCR5-T cells were markedly lower than in the young individuals. Furthermore we observed different frequencies of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-4 or IL-22 production by Tfh or by CD4 + CXCR5- cells in aged and young subjects respectively.Our data demonstrated that the frequencies of blood memory CXCR5 + CD4 + Tfh cells increased in the elderly population. There were similar frequencies of Th characterized cytokine production such as IL-21, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 or IL-22 in aged and young Tfh cells. However, aged PBMCs produced a significantly higher amount of IL-21 compare to young subjects.
Pneumonia produced by coinfection with Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) in infants and young children without timely diagnosis and treatment is often fatal due to the limitations of traditional tests. More accurate and rapid diagnostic methods for multiple infections are urgently needed.Here, we report a case of a 2-month-old boy with pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) without HIV infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed massive exudative consolidation in both lungs. Microscopic examination of stained sputum and smear specimens and bacterial and fungal culture tests were all negative, and CMV nucleic acid and antibody tests were positive. After a period of antiviral and anti-infective therapy, pulmonary inflammation was not relieved. Subsequently, sputum and venous blood samples were analysed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), and the sequences of PJ and CMV were acquired. The patient was finally diagnosed with pneumonia caused by PJ and CMV coinfection. Anti-fungal combined with anti-viral therapy was given immediately. mNGS re-examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) also revealed the same primary pathogen. Therapy was stopped due to the request of the patient's guardian. Hence, the child was discharged from the hospital and eventually died.This case emphasizes the combined use of mNGS and traditional tests in the clinical diagnosis of mixed lung infections in infants without HIV infection. mNGS is a new adjunctive diagnostic method that can rapidly discriminate multiple causes of pneumonia.
By means of nuclide precursor incorporation, the effects of 211At labelled monoclonal antibody against gastric cancer (211At-3H11McAb) on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in gastric cancer cell were studied. The results show that 211At-3H11McAb and Na211At-3 inhibit 3H-TdR, 3H-UR and 3H-Leu incorporation, especially 3H-UR incorporation, into gastric cancer cell at 3.7 x 10(4)Bq and 1.85 x 10(5)Bq; the inhibiting rates depend on concentration. The DNA biosynthesis in gastric cancer cell gradually recover after the drug is removed, suggesting that the drug should exert an inhibiting action on DNA biosynthesis in tumor cell through interference of DNA metabolism.
Retinoblastoma in nude mice as an animal model was developed by injecting cultured human retinoblastoma cell line(Rb) Y79 into the anterior chamber of eyeball. It was treated by direct injection of RGNTF-McAb into the Rb tumor. Ten out of 30 eyeballs with Rb inoculation did not develop tumor (32% inhibition) if Rb cell suspension was mixed with the RGNTF-McAb before injection; whereas in the control, all 40 but 3 eyeballs developed tumor (7%) when Rb cell suspension alone had been injected. This 32% of inhibition of Rb tumor formation by RGNTF-McAb was very significant (T > 2.58, P < 0.01). The results of immunotherapy of 46 eyeballs with Rb tumor developed 10 days after inoculation by RGNTF-McAb for 2 months revealed that the proportion of grade III-IV tumors before and after therapy reduced from 53% to 26% and that of grade I-II tumors increased from 47% to 74%. Feulgen DNA staining of tumor sections after therapy revealed that the average DNA contents in Rb cells decreased significantly (P < 0.01) from 16.2 +/- 2.6 in grade III-IV to 5.3 +/- 1.2 in grade I-II compared to that of the untreated control 18.8 +/- 3.2. Numerous white cells infiltrating the Rb tumor, hyperplasia of fibrous tissues, and no spreading and metastasis of the tumor tissue were observed in the treated eyeballs; whereas Rb tumor was spreading to the optic nerve and superior colliculus in the untreated eyeballs. Therefore, the RGNTF-McAb can not only inhibit the growth of Rb cells but also limit their spreading and metastasis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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