The refractory element σ precipitates can improve the dynamic mechanical properties of selective laser melt (SLM)-NiCrFeCoMo0.2 high entropy alloy (HEA), to meet the integrated and impact resistance requirements of aerospace and transportation components. The distribution of σ phase in SLM- NiCrFeCoMo0.2 HEA can be controlled by micron scale gradient design. In dynamic mechanical tests, the ultimate compressive strength of these specimens is higher than the as-build specimen, reaching 1,970 MPa. Due to the segregation of Mo elements near the molten pool boundary of the as-build SLM-NiCrFeCoMo0.2 HEA, more σ precipitates are formed at these locations. In addition, the small angle neutron scattering (SANS) technique was used to analyze the volume fraction of σ precipitation in the specimens.
Abstract Dysregulated macrophages (MΦ), IL-23/Th17 axis, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therapeutic strategies that can restore the homeostasis of these factors in RA are unknown. Death receptor 5 (DR5) can mediate apoptosis upon binding to an anti-human DR5 antibody, TRA-8. To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of TRA-8, a 3kb mouse promoter/Floxed-STOP/humanized mouse DR5 transgenic (Tg+) mouse was generated and crossed with lysozyme M.Cre mice to achieve MΦ specific expression. Collagen II (CII)-induced arthritis was induced by chicken CII. TRA-8 (0.2 mg/mouse) was I.V. weekly initiated on day 30 until mice were sacrificed 3-mo post CII. TRA-8 treatment resulted in a 60% reduction of CD11b+ MΦ in the draining lymph nodes (LN) of Tg+ mice. Within the CD11b+ cells, ~60% of the Gr1+Ly6G+ activated MΦ and ~90% of the IL-23+ MΦ were eliminated by TRA-8. The depletion also leads to elevation of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs (3.6% to 5.9%, P<0.05) and reduction of the CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells (1.4% to 0.6%, P<0.05). After TRA-8, joint histopathology showed a significantly decreased MAC3+ MΦ infiltration, synovial hyperplasia, and destruction (arthritis score: 9.8 versus 1.5, P<0.01). Neither systematic toxicities nor increased infection were found. Our study suggested that TRA-8 can be developed into a novel biologic which depletes the IL-23 secreting inflammatory macrophages (MΦ) to restore the balance between Th17 and Tregs.
In order to solve the problem of information interaction in the electricity market, this paper firstly classifies the information from the types of information, the timeliness of information and the subject of information according to the information classification method, identifies the information conducive to the interaction, and on this basis designs the whole time domain electricity market information interaction model taking Hubei Province as an example. In order to provide the theoretical support for the information interaction model, a market security evaluation model is established in the day-ahead market, real-time market and auxiliary service market, which including the combination of safety constrained units, the combination of safety constrained economic dispatch and the security check. Taking Hubei Province as an example, the results show that the integration of effective information can form a unified service window and platform, and finally improve the information interaction efficiency of market players on the premise of ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
This paper advocates a time-aware design methodology for using multilevel per cell (MLC) phase-change memory (PCM) in data storage systems such as solid-state disk and disk cache. It is well known that phase-change material resistance drift gradually reduces memory device noise margin and degrades the raw storage reliability. Intuitively, due to the time-dependent nature of resistance drift, if we can dynamically adjust storage system operations adaptive to the time and, hence, memory cell resistance drift, we may improve various PCM-based data storage system performance metrics. Under such an intuitive time-aware system design concept, we propose three specific design techniques, including time-aware variable-strength error correction code (ECC) decoding, time-aware partial rewrite, and time-aware read-&-refresh. Since PCM-based data storage systems have to use powerful ECC whose decoding can be energy-hungry, the first technique aims to minimize the ECC decoding energy consumption. The second technique improves the data retention limit when using partial rewrite in MLC PCM, and the third technique can further improve the efficiency of time-aware variable-strength ECC decoding. Using hypothetical 2-bit/cell PCM with device parameters from recent device research as a test vehicle, we carry out mathematical analysis and trace-based simulations, which show that these techniques can improve the data retention limit by few orders of magnitude, and enable up to 97 and 79 percent energy savings for PCM-based solid-state disk and PCM-based disk cache.
Abstract With the acceleration of the pace of society, the problem of scarcity of time resources is becoming more prominent, which may lead to short‐sighted behavior. This study aimed to examine the impact of time scarcity on intertemporal choice and its underlying mechanisms through three experiments. Study 1 aimed to investigate the causal relationship between time scarcity and intertemporal choice and the mediating role of anxiety between time scarcity and intertemporal choice. The results showed that participants with a stronger perception of time scarcity were more likely to choose smaller and sooner gains, and that the mediating role of anxiety was significant. In Study 2, the control of time was introduced to explore whether the sense of control could alleviate the negative emotion caused by time scarcity. The results showed that individuals with high levels of control had significantly less anxiety under higher time‐scarcity conditions than those with low levels of control. In Study 3, we manipulated time scarcity and found that the sense of control moderated the mediating effect of anxiety in time scarcity and intertemporal choice. Overall, these findings suggest that the sense of control over time is associated with less anxiety from time scarcity, which in turn fosters preferences for delayed gains.
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