The inevitable axis misalignment between human wrist joint and the rehabilitation robot joint may bring undesired reaction force, which may block the acquire of wrist natural range of motion (ROM). To compensate axis misalignment, the introduction of self-alignment mechanism (SAM) to robots is one of the extensively applied method. However, this method may have effects on the biomechanical properties of wrist joint, and the definite effects of SAM on the wrist ROM have been rarely investigated up to date. The assessment of wrist active ROM can provide insight into improvements and effective monitoring during a rehabilitation program. To verify the effects of SAM on the wrist active ROM of flexion/extension, experiments involving 8 healthy subjects were conducted in the cases of SAM locked and SAM unlocked respectively, thus active ROM measured by robot-assisted assessment method. Results show that the mean values of the active ROM has a maximum increase of 21.64º with SAM unlocked compared to that with SAM locked. Test-retest reliability of the proposed assessment method was also analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient more than 0.79, and standard error of measurement less than 4.17º. These suggest that the application of SAM on the WReD II was feasible and reliable to help acquire larger wrist active ROM.
Objective: To investigate the food source of water of college students from Hebei Province in spring. Methods: In March 2017, the subjects were recruited in a college in Baoding, Hebei Province. 156 students completed the investigation. All foods were collected for 3 consecutive days using duplicate portion study combined with weighing method to test the water content of various foods. To analyze the water content of the food and calculate the proportion to the total amount of food water intake, the edible parts of each meal were divided into staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks. Body mass index (BMI) was grouped according to quartiles, and the differences in food intake and food water sources among subjects of different genders and BMI were compared. Results: The age of subjects was (19.8±1.1) years old, including 80 male students. The median intake of staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks per day was 562 g, 743 g, 111 g, 102 g and 0 g, respectively. The median intake of water from staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks per day was 301 ml/d, 620 ml/d, 97 ml/d, 93 ml/d and 0 ml/d, respectively. The median ratio of water intake to total food water intake of staple food, dishes, porridge, soup and snacks was 27%, 53%, 8%, 8% and 0%, respectively. The median intake of water from staple food and dishes in male students was significantly higher than that of female students (P<0.05). The amount of water intake from porridge of female students was significantly higher than that of male students (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the water intake from soup and snacks between different genders. There was no significant difference in food intake and food water sources among college students with different BMI (P>0.05). Conclusion: The food source of water of college students from Hebei Province in spring is mainly based on dishes and staple foods. The food source of water for boys and girls is different.目的： 调查河北省某高校大学生春季水分的食物来源情况。 方法： 于2017年3月在河北省保定市某高校招募受试对象，最终完成调查人数为156名。采用双份饭法结合称重法收集并称量调查对象连续3 d食用的所有食物，将各餐食物剔除非可食部分，然后按主食、菜肴、粥、清汤和零食等5类进行分析。测定食物中的水分含量并计算各类食物中水分占食物水摄入总量的比例。按照体重指数（BMI）进行四分位数分组，比较不同性别及BMI调查对象食物摄入量及水分食物来源的差异。 结果： 调查对象年龄为（19.8±1.1）岁，其中男生80名。调查对象主食、菜肴、粥、清汤、零食摄入量M分别为562、743、111、102、0 g/d；通过主食、菜肴、粥、清汤、零食摄入的水分量M分别为301、620、97、93、0 ml/d；通过主食、菜肴、粥、清汤、零食摄入的水分量占食物水摄入总量比例M分别为27%、53%、8%、8%、0%。男生通过主食、菜肴摄入的水分量均高于女生（P<0.05）；女生通过粥摄入的水分量高于男生（P<0.05）；男女生通过清汤、零食摄入的水分量差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同BMI分组食物摄入量及食物水分来源差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论： 河北省某高校大学生春季食物水分来源以菜肴和主食为主；男女生食物水分来源不同。.
To investigate the prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in Beijing residents aged 40 and over.4,451 residents aged 40 and over in 3 rural communities and 5 urban communities in Beijing underwent eye examination, including examination of distant and near visual acuity (VA), best corrected distant and near VA, pinhole VA, and visual field, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and dilated ocular examination in the form of in-home survey by defined population-based sampling. The medical history was surveyed too. The data were analyzed based on the criteria of the World Health Organization.The general prevalence rates of low vision and blindness were 0.99% (95% CI: 0.70-1.28) and 0.39% (95% CI: 0.21-0.57) respectively. The prevalence rate of low vision in females was 1.45%, 2.23 times that of males (0.65%) (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.00-3.95). The prevalence rate of low vision of rural residents was 1.76%, 2.89 times that of urban residents (0.61%) (OR: 2.93, 95% CI: 1.43-6.11). The prevalence rate of blindness in females was 0.64% and 0.37% in males. The prevalence rate of blindness of rural residents was 1.06%, 2.04 times that of the urban residents (0.52%) (OR: 3.77, 95% CI: 1.41-10.62). The 3 major causes of blindness were cataract (37.50%), glaucoma (29.20%), and high myopic macular degeneration (8.30%). The prevalence of blindness increased with age.The prevalence rates of low vision and blindness are higher in the rural areas. Cataract, glaucoma, and high myopic macular degeneration are the major causes of blindness. The prevalence of low vision and blindness are influenced by age, sex; area, health care level, educational level, and environmental factors.
Background: Promotion of a healthy lifestyle is considered a good strategy for dealing with chronic diseases. Mobile-based lifestyle interventions have shown beneficial effects in the control and treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Current clinical trials for mobile-based lifestyle intervention were mainly conducted among non-elderly populations, thus well-designed trials performed among the elderly who are more susceptible to chronic diseases are needed. The study aims to assess the effect of the mobile-based lifestyle intervention on the improvement of body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism among overweight and obese elderly adults in China. Materials and Methods: Participants aged 60–80 years who are overweight or obese will be randomly assigned to receive mobile-based nutrition and exercise intervention, mobile-based exercise intervention and no intervention for 3 months. Before the intervention, participants will receive the training of the mobile application and sports bracelet. The primary outcome will be the between-group (three groups) difference in body mass index at the end of intervention. The secondary outcomes will include body composition, parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, dietary data and physical activity data. All these outcomes will be assessed at baseline, day 45 and day 90. Ethics and dissemination: The trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Health Science Center (IRB00001052-18039).
To solve the competition problem of acidophilic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the practical application of mine tailing bioremediation, research into the mechanisms of using different nutrients to adjust the microbial community was conducted. Competition experiments involving acidophilic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria were performed by supplementing the media with yeast extract, tryptone, lactate, and glucose. The physiochemical properties were determined, and the microbial community structure and biomass were investigated using MiSeq sequencing and qRT-PCR, respectively. Four nutrients had different remediation mechanisms and yielded different remediation effects. Yeast extract and tryptone (more than 1.6 g/L) promoted sulfate-reducing bacteria and inhibited acidophilic bacteria. Lactate inhibited both sulfate-reducing and acidophilic bacteria. Glucose promoted acidophilic bacteria more than sulfate-reducing bacteria. Yeast extract was the best choice for adjusting the microbial community and bioremediation, followed by tryptone. Lactate kept the physiochemical properties stable or made slight improvements; however, glucose was not suitable for mine tailing remediation. Different nutrients had significant effects on the abundance of the second enzyme of the sulfate-reducing pathway (p < 0.05), which is the rate-limiting step of sulfate-reducing pathways. Nutrients changed the remediation effects effectively by adjusting the microbial community and the abundance of the sulfate-reducing rate-limiting enzyme.
The lack of snow leopards telemetry studies in China has hampered researchers in studying the movement ecology and home range sizes of snow leopards, the knowledge gap of which has affected effective planning and improvement of snow leopard protected areas in China. In 2021, we conducted China's first snow leopard satellite-tracking project in Qilianshan National Park, China, one of the most representative mountain areas of snow leopard habitat. The outcomes of the research aims to apply gained understanding on snow leopard home range to enhance management and planning of snow leopard protected area. Here we summarize the preliminary home range results on the first three satellite-tracked snow leopards in China. The three snow leopards were followed between 3 and 6 months yielding a total of 7845 GPS locations. Using 95% MCP, 95% KDE, and aLoCoH, home range estimates of tracked individuals ranged from 106 to 872 km2, 92 – 783 km2, and 47 − 261 km2, respectively. Our preliminary results provide the first home range estimates of snow leopards in China and marks the need for further studies in Qilianshan National Park by implicating potential new aspects of how age, gender and habitat may contribute to snow leopard home range.
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