The exact molecular mechanism of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unknown, and the prognosis of ESCC has not been significantly improved.To understand the molecular mechanism of ESCC, differential modules (DMs) and key genes were identified through conducting analysis on the differential co-expression network (DCN) based on the gene expression profiles of ESCC and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data.First, gene expression profiles of ESCC and PPI data recruiting and preprocessing were conducted; then, a DCN was constructed based on the gene co-expression and gene differential expression in ESCC; in the following, candidate DMs were mined from DCN through a systemic module searching strategy, and significance analysis was performed on candidate DMs to identify DMs; moreover, significant genes contained in the DMs were analyzed to identify the underlying biomarkers for ESCC. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis was conducted to disclose the function of these DMs.A total of 10,975 genes were obtained after comprehensively preprocessing on the gene expression profiles and PPI data. Then, a DCN with 915 nodes (1164 interactions) was built, and 45 seed genes were identified. In the following, four DMs that separately enriched in phenylalanine metabolism, nicotine addiction, phenylalanine metabolism, and B-cell receptor signaling pathway were identified, where module 1 and module 3 were all enriched in phenylalanine metabolism pathway. Furthermore, the most significant seed gene myeloperoxidase (MPO) was contained in all of the DMs.In this study, we successfully identified 4 DMs, three significant pathways, and a key gene MPO in ESCC, which might play key roles during the occurrence and development of ESCC and could be chosen as good indicators and therapeutic schedule for ESCC.
The objective of this paper was to reveal hub pathways in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) based on multiple pathway crosstalk networks (PCNs) and give insight for its pathological mechanism.Based on gene expression data, pathway data and protein-protein interaction data, background PCN (BPCN) and tumor PCN (TPCN) of PMBL were constructed. The rank product algorithm was implemented to identify hub pathways of BPCN and TPCN. Finally, topological properties (degree, closeness, betweenness, and transitivity) of hub pathways were analyzed.For BPCN, there were three hundred nodes and 42,239 edges, and the pathway pairs had great overlaps. TPCN was composed of 281 nodes and 12,700 cross-talks. A total of five hub pathways were identified, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), tuberculosis, human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection, hepatitis B, and Epstein-Barr virus infection. The topological properties for them were different from each other, further between PMBL and normal controls.We have identified five hub pathways for PMBL, such as NAFLD, HTLV-I infection, and Hepatitis B, which might be potential biomarkers for target therapy for PMBL.
It is difficult to diagnose lung carcinomas in early stage. Quite a few patients are in advanced stages(partial stage IIIb and IV) and unsuitable for surgical treatment when they come to see doctors with some clinical symptoms. For some patients with stage II and III lung carcinomas, especially associated with ipsilateral hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis, it is very difficult to resect the tumors, or the patients can't tolerate double lobectomy or pneumonectomy because of cardio-pulmonary function deficiency. For these patients, preoperative radiotherapy was chosen firstly in the past, in order to improve resection rate and long-term efficacy. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of resection rate and long-term efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy for stage II and III lung carcinomas.From 1985 to 1995, 62 patients with lung carcinomas (group A) received preoperative radiotherapy and operation. At the same time, 1615 patients with lung carcinomas (group B) received operation alone. The resection rate, 3 and 5-year survival rates and the incidence of postoperative complications for stage II and III lung carcinomas were analyzed.There were no significant differences of the resection rate(84.2% vs 84.5%, chi 2 = 0.187, P > 0.05), as well as the 3 and 5-year survival rates(chi 2 = 9.86, P > 0.05) between the two groups for stage II and III lung carcinomas. The incidence of complications of group A for stage II and III lung carcinomas was higher than that of group B(12.3% vs 5.8%, chi 2 = 6.84, P < 0.05).Preoperative radiotherapy is helpless to improve the resection rate and the long-term survival rate of stage II and III lung carcinomas. In our opinion, it should not be taken into consideration unless it enables surgical resection to be done in the patients with inadequate pulmonary reserve and achieve the same surgical margin as a pneumonectomy.
Early detection and diagnosis is urgent for the sake of effective treatment strategy for lung cancer. However, a convenient, economical and relatively precise method is not available. We here report a prospective study to find the possible value of the combined use of four popular tumor markers in the early diagnosis of lung cancer among patients with suspicious nodules in the lung.Six hundred and sixty inpatients with suspicious nodules in the lung were divided into a lung cancer group and a benign pulmonary tumor group according to post-operative histological examinations. Serum levels of four tumor markers including squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Cyfra 21-1 and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were assayed for each patient. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for each tumor marker. The power of lung cancer diagnosis of each tumor marker, as well as a combination of them were analyzed and compared.The serum levels (median, range) of SCC, CEA, Cyfra 21-1 and NSE were 0.44 (0.01 - 35.70) ng/ml, 2.49 (0.30 - 26.78) ng/ml, 2.30 (0.82 - 73.33) ng/ml and 10.54 (0.10 - 56.41) ng/ml respectively in lung cancer group, and were 0.32 (0.01 - 0.90) ng/ml, 1.60 (0.20 - 8.93) ng/ml, 1.41 (0.72 - 4.82) ng/ml and 9.36 (6.56 - 24.24) ng/ml respectively in the benign pulmonary tumor group. The difference in each tumor marker between the two groups was significant (P < 0.05). The ROCs of SCC, CEA, Cyfra 21-1 and NSE were 0.702 (95%CI, 0.654 - 0.751), 0.611 (95%CI, 0.563 - 0.659), 0.650 (95%CI, 0.601 - 0.700) and 0.598 (95%CI, 0.542 - 0.654) respectively, indicating very low power of these four tumor markers. When a combination of SCC, CEA, Cyfra 21-1 and NSE were employed, the diagnosis power was strengthened.SCC, CEA, Cyfra 21-1 and NSE are valuable in the early diagnosis of lung cancer among suspicious nodules in the lung, especially when they were assayed together for one patient.
The aim of the present study was to compare pathological diagnoses, as determined by the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) classification, with conventional radiological features. In addition, the present study aimed to evaluate the correlation among clinical characteristics, computed tomography (CT) images and gene mutation status in patients with stage IA adenocarcinoma of the lung. A total of 212 patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma were included in the study. The patients were classified into pure ground-glass opacity (pGGO), mixed GGO (mGGO) and solid GGO (sGGO) by CT imaging. Histological subtype was classified according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma. In addition, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutation assays were performed, and 36.8% of patients (78/212) were determined to have an EGFR mutation, while 8.5% of patients (18/212) were found to have a KRAS mutation. According to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification, 44 cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS; 20.8%), 62 cases were diagnosed as minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA; 29.2%) and 106 cases were classified as invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC; 50.0%). pGGO image patterns were observed in 39.2% of patients (n=83), while mGGO and sGGO patterns were observed in 28.8% (n=61) and 32.0% (n=68) of patients, respectively. From pGGO to sGGO, cases of AIS and MIA were shown to have a decreasing trend, while IAC cases exhibited an increasing trend (P=0.036). Analysis of the correlation between CT image patterns and gene mutations demonstrated that L858R point mutations, exon 19 deletions and KRAS mutations were more common in lesions with a lower GGO proportion (P=0.029, 0.027 and 0.018, respectively). Therefore, according to the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification, GGO imaging patterns were shown to correlate with subtypes of adenocarcinomas. In addition, EGFR and KRAS mutations were found to be associated with lesions with a low GGO proportion. Therefore, analysis of GGO lesions may offer useful indications of the histological subtype of an adenocarcinoma in patients with stage IA lung adenocarcinoma, and predictive value for EGFR and KRAS mutations.
Objective To prepared 125I-103Pd hybrid radioactive seeds and to explore their therapeutic effect on pulmonary carcinomas.nethods The 125I-103Pd hybrid radioactive seeds were prepared by a chemical method of step-by-step coat plating.Pulmonary adenocarcinoma of GLC-82 cells and pulmonary large cell carcinoma of H460 cells were cultured in vitro and then were exposed directly to125I,103pd and125I103pd seeds for 48 hours to observe the killing effects of radiation.GLC-82 and H460 tumor models were established and 20 mice chosen randomly for each model.For each tumor model.there were 4 groups(n=5 each).Then 125I-103pd,125I,103Pd and nonradioactive seeds were implanted into the tumors.Tumor sizes and weights of mice were measured and recorded every 5 days for a 2-month observation.Resuits The125I-103Pd hybrid radioactive seeds were prepared successfully.After a 48-hour radiation from radioactive seeds, the GLC-82 cells within one particulate around 125I,103Pd or1 25I_103Pd seeds were inhibited so as to become swollen and transfiguring.The H460 cells around125I seeds showed no obvious abnormality while those within one Darticalate around 103Pd or125I-103pd seeds were much fewer. No mouse died during the observation period.The radioactive seeds could inhibit the tumors.The radiotherapeutie effects were similar in two tumor modes:125I_103Pd seeds>103Pd seeds≈125I seeds>non-radioactive seeds.H460 tumors grew much faster than GLC-82 tumors.Meanwhile the seeds with the same nuclide were much more effective for GLC-82 tumors than for H460 tumors.Conclusion TheI_l03pd hybrid radioactive seeds are clinically applieable due to their effective inhibitions of tumor growth.
Key words:
Lung neoplasms; Radiotherapy; Animal experimentation; Iodine radioisotopes; Palladium radioisotopes
To review the experience of diagnosis and surgical treatment of the primary mediastinal hemangioma and lymphangioma.We summarized the medical records of patients with primary mediastinal hemangioma or lymphangioma at our hospital from January 1998 to January 2009, then extracted relevant clinical data and carried out the retrospective analysis.There were 11 patients in the whole group. The age range was 4 - 78 years old (average: 38.9). Six patients were symptom-free and most patients had not an accurate preoperative diagnosis. All patients underwent surgical procedures. The radical excision was accomplished in 10 cases and incomplete excision in 1 case. Two cases of surgically related complications were observed. All the cases were diagnosed by postoperative histopathological examination. There were hemangioma (n = 5), lymphangioma (n = 3) and hematolymphangioma (n = 3).The operation should be performed once the diagnosis of hemangioma or lymphangioma is made. Radical excision should be performed to prevent a post-operative recurrence.
This research is aimed to isolate the active constituents of Ginseng stems and leaves and study their anti-cancer activities. Preparative TLC, spectral data analysis and MTT assay are used to isolate constituents and study anti-cancer activities. Six compounds are isolated from Ginseng stems and leaves, namely 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1, ginsenoside F3, daucosterol, β-sitosterol, ginsenoside Rd2 and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg2. Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg2 on growth of NCI-H1650 cells is detected by MTT and Annexin-V-PI double staining assays. The results show that different concentrations of ginsenoside Rg2 test solutions can inhibit the growth of NCIH1650 cells to varying degrees, and the effect presents evident dose-response and time-effect relationships, that is, the longer the action time, the stronger the inhibitory effect. It can be concluded that the active constituents in Ginseng stems and leaves have significant anti-cancer activity.
Power spot market had been taken place in several provinces in China. Bidding decision of thermal generator is one of the most important tasks for generation company among all market transaction processes. In the paper, a market simulation base bidding process is designed. A market simulation model is proposed to mimic the clearing of actual power spot market. Security constrained unit commitment and economic dispatch model is used in the market simulation to optimize the generation schedule and locational marginal price is calculated. Based on forecasts of market price and generation schedule, economic performance of the thermal generator can be predicted and bid decision can be drawn based on the economic performance. In the end, a case study based on the actual market data is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed process.
To detect the expression of dopamine receptor D2 in different pulmonary carcinoma cells and investigate the effect of dopamine in inducing apoptosis of A549 cells.Western blotting and RT-PCR were employed to detect the expression of dopamine receptor D2 in different pulmonary carcinoma cells (95D, H460, GLC-82, A549 and H446 cells). The apoptosis of A549 cells after a 6-hour exposure to 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08% and 0.1% dopamine was analyzed by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-inducing effect of dopamine in vivo was also tested by intratumoral injection of 1% dopamine in 2 BALB/c-nu mice bearing A549 tumor xenograft using flow cytometry.The presence of dopamine receptor D2 expression was detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR in 95D, H460, GLC-82, A549 and H446 cells. Flow cytometry detected obvious apoptosis of A549 cells following dopamine exposure in vitro in positive correlation to dopamine concentration. In the tumor-bearing mice, dopamine also showed an obvious apoptosis-inducing effect on A549 cells.Dopamine receptor D2 exists extensively in different pulmonary carcinoma cells. Dopamine may promote the apoptosis of pulmonary carcinoma cells through dopamine receptor D2.
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