The marine acid polysaccharide fucoidan has attracted attention from both the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its promising therapeutic effects. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide that mainly consists of L-fucose and sulphate groups. Its excellent biological function is attributed to its unique biological structure. Classical activities include antitumor, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic, immunoregulatory, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. More recently, fucoidan has been shown to alleviate metabolic syndrome, protect the gastrointestinal tract, benefit angiogenesis and bone health. This review focuses on the progress in our understanding of the biological activities of fucoidan, highlighting its benefits for the treatment of human disease. We hope that this review can provide some theoretical basis and inspiration for the product development of fucoidan.
Four different solvent(100% ethanol,acetone,ethyl acetate and petroleum ether) extracts from Chenopodium ambrosioides L.were tested for their contact and fumigant toxicities against Sitopholus zeamais Motschulsky.When treated with 6.494 mg/cm2 for 48 h,the 100% ethanol extract and the petroleum ether extract had the most effective contact toxicity against S.zeamais,the corrected mortality rates of both extracts reaching 100%.Acetone extract had the better contact toxicity with a corrected mortality rate of 92.31%.Ethyl acetate extract had the lowest contact toxicity;its corrected mortality rate was 64.10%,but reached 94.17% 72 h after application.All four extracts had good fumigant toxicity against S.zeamais with corrected mortality rates reaching 98.73%-100% for doses of 0.50 mg/mL after 72 h.
Abstract Malignant ventricular arrhythmias ( VA s) following myocardial infarction ( MI ) is a lethal complication resulting from sympathetic nerve hyperactivity. Numerous evidence have shown that inflammation within the paraventricular nucleus ( PVN ) participates in sympathetic hyperactivity. Our aim was to explore the role of Macrophage‐inducible C‐type lectin (Mincle) within the PVN in augmenting sympathetic activity following MI ,and whether NOD ‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 ( NLRP 3) inflammasome/ IL ‐1β axis is involved in this activity. MI was induced by coronary artery ligation. Mincle expression localized in microglia within the PVN was markedly increased at 24 hours post‐ MI together with sympathetic hyperactivity, as indicated by measurement of the renal sympathetic nerve activity ( RSNA ) and norepinephrine ( NE ) concentration. Mincle‐specific si RNA was administrated locally to the PVN , which consequently decreased microglial activation and sympathetic nerve activity. The MI rats exhibited a higher arrhythmia score after programmed electric stimulation than that treated with Mincle si RNA , suggesting that the inhibition of Mincle attenuated foetal ventricular arrhythmias post‐ MI . The underlying mechanism of Mincle in sympathetic hyperactivity was investigated in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS )‐primed naïve rats. Recombinant Sin3A‐associated protein 130kD ( rSAP 130), an endogenous ligand for Mincle, induced high levels of NLRP 3 and mature IL ‐1β protein. PVN ‐targeted injection of NLRP 3 si RNA or IL ‐1β antagonist gevokizumab attenuated sympathetic hyperactivity. Together, the data indicated that the knockdown of Mincle in microglia within the PVN prevents VA s by attenuating sympathetic hyperactivity and ventricular susceptibility, in part by inhibiting its downstream NLRP 3/ IL ‐1β axis following MI . Therapeutic interventions targeting Mincle signalling pathway could constitute a novel approach for preventing infarction injury.
A significant amount of research has been conducted on bentonite–acrylamide hydrogels. These gels are usually prepared by uniformly mixing bentonite with reactive monomers. Herein, a new preparation method of bentonite–acrylamide hydrogels has been proposed to cater to one novel application of bentonite–acrylamide hydrogels. In this method, bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel was obtained by pressing bentonite into a thin mud cake and extruding a mixed liquor of acrylamide, a cross-linking agent, an initiator, and water into the thin mud cake and then subjecting the system to water-bath curing. The effects of extrusion pressure, extrusion time, and acrylamide concentration on the tensile strength and elemental composition of bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength of the bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel first increased and then tended to be stable with the further increase in extrusion pressure and extrusion time. As the concentration of acrylamide increased, the tensile strength of the bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel increased first and then decreased slightly. With the increase in extrusion pressure, extrusion time, and acrylamide concentration, the contents of C and N elements in the thin mud cake gradually increased and then tended to be stable, which reflects the state of the monomer entering the thin mud cake. In addition, the elemental composition of the bentonite–acrylamide hydrogel was analyzed via the scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry method, and it was found that the composition of the hydrogel was relatively uniform in the direction of mixed liquor extrusion.
Yadixin is a new high effective and wide-ranging disinfectant for silkworm rearing,and its main effective constituents are trichloroisocyanuric acid(TCCA) and trisodium phosphate(TSP).To strengthen the quality control during produce process,we carried out the quality test for the product in this paper.Determination method of the available chlorine content in TCCA was verified by tests of comparison,precision and repeatability,and RSD was 0.02%,0.10% and 0.12%,respectively.Linearity test result showed that there was a good linear relationship in the range of 0.418～2.338 mg/mL(R 2=1).Under condition of TSP,the average recovery of TCCA was 100.1% and RSD was 0.16%,indicated that TSP had no effect on determination of available chlorine content of TCCA.The content of TSP was determined under different storage conditions for 24 h.The results showed that TSP content almost was stable under the sealed condition,increased by 1.08% under the dry condition,but decreased by 1.41% under the wet condition.The above results showed that determination method and standard formulation for Yadixin is reasonable,and the method for quality control is feasible.
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