Accurate diagnosis of some salivary gland neoplasms by cytology specimen may be challenging due to the overlapping cytomorphology. Some recent developments in salivary gland pathology, including specific chromosome rearrangement in some tumors, make it possible to diagnose specific tumor types using cytology specimens. The aim of this study was to review the current practice and evaluate the usefulness of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in FNA diagnosis of salivary gland lesions in our institute. A 7-year (2011–2017) retrospective review was performed on the salivary gland FNA cytology archives of our institution. IHC was performed on 51 of the total 285 (17.9%) FNA cases, and the IHC cases were grouped based on the cytomorphology patterns as basaloid neoplasm, oncocytoid neoplasm, lymphoid lesion, metastatic, and other. Among the 51 cases, 42 (82.3%) had a definitive diagnosis, 8 (15.7%) had neoplasm of uncertain malignant diagnosis, and 1 (2%) had atypical diagnosis. Twenty-four of 51 cases had surgical resections. Cytology with IHC accurately classified 20 of 24 (83.3%) lesions. For the basaloid neoplasm group, IHC markers for ductal epithelium (CK7 and EMA) and myoepithelial cell (p63, SMA, GFAP, and S100) were often used for the differential diagnosis. For oncocytic neoplastic group, DOG1 was often used for acinic cell carcinoma and androgen receptor was used for salivary ductal carcinoma. The malignant tumors had significantly higher Ki-67 than the benign neoplasms and nonneoplastic lesions (P = .00009). Our study shows that IHC is very helpful in salivary gland neoplasm cytology. Besides some newly developed IHC markers such as PLAG1 for pleomorphic adenoma, MYB for adenoid cystic carcinoma, and DOG1 for acinic cell carcinoma, some classic IHC markers such as myoepithelial markers are still very useful. Ki-67 proliferative index is a very valuable marker for differentiating malignant from benign.
ABSTRACT In this paper, a fatigue experiment of auto drive shaft smooth specimen is studied in details. Through the analysis of load amplitude and load cycles, which influenced on the residual fatigue strength of structure, we find a mathematical model of strengthening effect due to coaxing. Based on the auto drive shaft work load spectrum, a cumulative fatigue strengthening model is suggested. Then, a new method of lightweight design that can maximise cumulative strengthening effect is proposed. Our model and method can provide a theoretical basis for lightweight design on structural parts of automobiles.
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in bronchiolitis and their correlation in the pathogenesis of this disorder. METHODS The expression of ICAM-1 was detected by flow cytometry on lymphocytes of peripheral blood in 28 infants with bronchiolitis, 23 infants with bronchopneumonia and 24 healthy infants. Serum level of RANTES was assayed using ELISA. The correlation between ICAM-1 and RANTES levels was evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS The ICAM-1 level in the bronchiolitis group (35.0+/-10.3%) was much higher than that in the bronchopneumonia (29.9+/-8.6%; p<0.05) and the control groups (24.6+/-6.9%; p<0.01). The bronchopneumonia group had higher ICAM-1 level than the control group (p<0.05). The RANTES level in the bronchiolitis (32.1+/-6.0 ng/mL) and the bronchopneumonia groups (30.6+/-6.2 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in the control group (27.1+/-5.1 ng/mL) (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively), however, no significant difference was found between the bronchopneumonia and bronchiolitis groups. There was a positive correlation between ICAM-1 and RANTES levels in the bronchiolitis group (r=0.675, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS ICAM-1 and RANTES are involved in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis and show a synergistic effect.
Dirofilariasis is caused by filarial nematodes (roundworms) of the genus Dirofilaria Dirofilariasis of the oral mucosa is very rare. Herein, we report a case of a 79-year-old man who had a slowly growing infiltrative mass in the right buccal space. Histopathologic examination showed an inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophilia, histiocytes, and small organisms (0.2-0.3 mm). Digital images were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which identified the parasite as a nematode in the genus Dirofilaria It appeared to be dead and degenerating, but external, fine longitudinal cuticular ridges and the presence of tall muscle cells were diagnostic. Thus, Dirofilaria, despite its rarity, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumor-like lesions in the buccal mucosa.
The detoxified beta1–epsilon (β1–ϵ) toxin protein of Clostridium perfringens type B provides protection from C. perfringens types B, C and D infections. Acetate is the primary by-product from the cell growth and expression of β1–ϵ protein. In the present study, the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on the expression of β1--ϵ protein were investigated. Two-stage pH and DO control strategies were developed for the expression of β1–ϵ protein. The obtained results indicated that higher cell density and concentration of β1--ϵ protein, and lower accumulation of acetate were obtained when pH was maintained at a constant level of 6.5 (0–6 h) and 7.0 (6–16 h), and the DO level was maintained at 60% (0–6 h) and 30% (6–16 h). Furthermore, the impact of intermittent, DO feedback, pH feedback and glucose-stat feeding on the expression of β1–ϵ protein were studied. By using the DO feedback feeding, combined with the stage control of pH (6.5 for 0–6 h, 7.0 for 6–16 h) and DO (60% for 0–6 h, 30% for 6–16 h), the highest cell density of 2.045 (absorbance at 600 nm) and a β1–ϵ protein concentration of 63.24 mg/L were obtained, and the accumulation of acetate decreased to 0.872 g/L.
