Name of all authors as they appear in the published original article (INSERT ONLY IF correcting author names or adding authors. Insert the correct version of the author list)Affiliations of all authors as they appear in the published original version of the article (1Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China2Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Affiliated Hefei Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230011, China)* Correspondence: Yanghua Tian, Email: ayfytyh@126.comKeywords: glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy; respiratory failure; plasma exchange; efficacyCorrigendum on: Plasma exchange for two patients with autoimmune GFAP astrocytopathy with rapid progression to respiratory failure: A case report. Incorrect AffiliationIn the published article, there was an error in affiliation(s) of the author Qi Li. Instead of "[Qi Li, MD, PhD2]", it should be "[Qi Li, MD, PhD1]". The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous reproductive disease that can cause infertility. The Hippo signaling pathway, a network highly conserved throughout evolution, maintains the balance between follicle proliferation and dormancy. Dynamic changes in primordial follicles cannot occur without the participation of biological signals and mechanical force; however, little is known about the mechanism by which biomechanical signaling triggers PCOS, especially in the context of primordial follicle development. To investigate the contribution of mechanical stress and the Hippo signaling pathway to the onset of PCOS, we searched the literature via the PubMed database, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were established to ensure the rigor of this research. We eventually included 54 publications in which Hippo signaling and mechanical force were suggested to play a vital role in the development of primordial follicles as well as elucidate the pathogenesis of PCOS. The Hippo pathway modulating follicle growth can be perturbed via extracellular mechanical stress caused by the stiff ovarian cortical environment in PCOS. Clinical intervention targeting the Hippo pathway can alter the activity of core Hippo members, such as the Yes-associated protein/transcriptional co-activator PDZ-binding motif complex. In some patients with PCOS, follicle overactivation can be attributed to the dysfunction of Hippo signal transduction. PCOS, a condition with various patterns, cannot be accurately explained by a single, specific mechanism. The present review identifies potential targets and therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
Abstract Background Patients who are hospitalized with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) are known to have increased risk for thrombosis. Several mechanisms have been proposed for increased thrombogenesis, including antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs). We sought to better understand the relationship between a commonly used marker of thrombosis, D-dimer, and antiphospholipid antibodies in relation to thrombosis in COVID-19. Methods This was a single-center prospective cohort study. Participants were adults admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 between March and December of 2020. Included patients required a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT), coagulation studies, and regular assessment of D-dimer levels. Patients who were excluded were pregnant adults, use of oral anticoagulants prior to admission, and absence of a positive COVID-19 nasopharyngeal NAAT. We tested 52 patients for antiphospholipid antibodies (APLs), including lupus anticoagulant (LA), anti-beta-2 glycoprotein antibodies (B2GP), and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL). The endpoint for analysis was hospital discharge or development of a confirmed thrombosis. Results Twenty-nine of fifty-two patients (55.7%) with COVID-19 had non-negative APLs. Of these patients, twenty-seven (93.1%) had non-negative aCLs, the majority of which were IgM antibodies. There was a total of 7 thrombotic events in our cohort. The sensitivity of D-dimer alone was 85% and the sensitivity of APLs alone was 71%. In patients with an intermediate D-dimer level (i.e., greater than 2 milligrams per liter (mg/L) but less than 5 mg/L), the addition of non-negative APLs increased the sensitivity of D-dimer to 100%. In patients with a high D-dimer (i.e., greater than 5), the combined sensitivity of D-dimer and APLs was 60%. Out of the 7 thrombotic events in our cohort, two patients had negative APLs, however both patients had a D-dimer of greater than 5 mg/L. Conclusion The use of APLs can assist in risk-stratifying patients in an intermediate-risk D-dimer group to consider prophylactic anticoagulation if APLs are negative and to consider therapeutic anticoagulation if APLs are non-negative. In the high-risk group (i.e., a D-dimer greater than 5 mg/dL), a therapeutic anticoagulation approach may be more appropriate. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
For plants on Earth, gravitropism is essential for seedling establishment and plant growth. As an integrated part of plant development, gravitropic response is mainly mediated by changes of photohormone auxin. Study on auxin responses in microgravity condition is critical for illustrating how plants perceive environmental gravity conditions and then initiating auxin signaling pathway, ultimately, helping to reveal how plants response to gravity stimulus. Nevertheless, key barriers to answering these questions are the lack of a tool that can provide simulated microgravity condition. In this work, we have developed a microfluidic negative-magnetophoresis (MNM) platform to levitate Arabidopsis seeds in an equilibrium plane where magnetic force and buoyancy force are equal and opposite in directions. With the advantage of the MNM platform to simulate a microgravity environment, it's found that auxin response is obviously decreased after seed levitation during early seed germination. This can enable the study of the physiological process and molecular mechanism of auxin in a simulated microgravity condition and benefit further applications for optimizing plant growth in space.
Object To explore the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance prediction equation in the evaluation of dry weight among maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients.Methods Dry weight of 60 MHD patients was estimated using electrical impedance value of 50 KHz frequency measured by bioelectrical impedance analyzer,combined with slope method and new 3-compartment model.Dry weight of these participants was the post-dialysis weight,measured by inferior vena cava diameter(IVCD) method which was deemed as golden standard.Another 90 individuals with matched gender,age,height,body weight and BMI were selected to construct coefficient and compare the human body parameters with MHD patient.Results Pearson correlation coefficient between the evaluated dry weight by slope method and true dry weight was 0.991.BlandAltman plot showed these two approaches bore poor consistency and the difference between them was far from zero.Pearson correlation coefficient between assessed dry weight by new 3-compartmental model and true dry weight was 0.993.Bland-Altman plot revealed good consistency between the two methods with stable and minor diffidence as their differences fluctuated near zero.Conclusion Different bioelectrical impedance measuring instrument gives rise to the impact on measured data.In this study,the new 3-compartment model predicts the dry weight of MHD patients more accurately.
100 Background: To identify prostate cancer (CaP) with high recurrence risk after Radical Prostatectomy (RP) is a challenge. FGFR1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1) plays a critical role in prostate development and tumorigenesis. In this study, we explored the possibility of using FGFR1 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to predict recurrence after RP in the Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue from CaP patients. Methods: FFPE histological specimens from 52 RP cases were evaluated with FGFR1 (8p12) / CEP 8 probe mix. While 32 of the 52 patients recurred within 5 years (PSA progression or death of disease), and 20 remained disease-free with 8 to 15 years. Median age of patients was 62 with Gleason Score range from 4 to 9. Percent of FGFR1 gain and FGFR1 loss per specimen, as well as mean number of FGFR1 signals per specimen were calculated. CEP8 was used as a control to assess hybridization quality. Statistical analysis (Cox Proportional Hazards model) was conducted using SAS 9.2. Results: Survival analysis demonstrated that percent FGFR1 loss in a specimen could identify recurrent CaP with the Harzard Ratio (HR) of 3.34 (p=0.0011), which indicated that the risk of recurrence for FGFR1 loss-positive group is 3.34 times than that for FGFR1 loss-negative group. On the other hand, survival analysis of the percent FGFR1 gain showed that FGFR1 gain (amplification) is favorable for survival with HR of 0.36 (p=0.0043), which indicated that the risk of recurrence for FGFR1 gain-positive group is 0.36 times than that for FGFR1 gain-negative group. By using mean FGFR1 signals per specimen in the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the patient specimens stratified into three distinct groups (overall logrank p=0.0011): normal for FGFR1, FGFR1 gain (more favorable outcome), and FGFR1 loss (highest risk of recurrence). Conclusions: This study shows the utility of FGFR1 copy number abnormalities in CaP. Our results indicate that gain and loss of FGFR1 may have a different effect on disease recurrence. Therefore, FGFR1 FISH may provide predictive value for CaP recurrence in post RP patients, either by itself, or as an adjunct to the currently clinical prognostic indicators.
The purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponin (AJSAF) is an ideal adjuvant candidate that improves antigen-specific both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicits mixed Th1/Th2 responses, but its mechanisms remain unclear. The key features of action of AJSAF were investigated in mice immunized with Newcastle disease virus-based recombinant influenza vaccine (rL-H5) and AJSAF at the same leg (AJSAF+rL-H5) or different legs (AJSAF/rL-H5). The adjuvant activity of AJSAF on rL-H5 is strictly dependent on their spatial colocalization. Serum H5 antigen (H5Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers in AJSAF+rL-H5 group were significantly higher than those in AJSAF/rL-H5 group. The mechanisms of selectivity of Th1 or Th2 in mice induced by AJSAF was explored by the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of H5Ag-stimulated splenocytes from the immunized mice using gene microarray and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to rL-H5 alone, AJSAF/rL-H5 induced more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than AJSAF+rL-H5, whereas AJSAF+rL-H5 upregulated higher mRNA expression of Th1 (T-bet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12β, and IL-12Rβ1) and Th2 (IL-10 and AICDA) immune response genes. The neutrophil response and its derived S100A8 and S100A9 might be involved in the AJSAF-mediated Th1 response. Meanwhile, AJSAF might induce the adaptive immune responses by improving a local innate immune microenvironment. These findings expanded the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of saponin-based adjuvants, and provided new insights into how adjuvants shape adaptive immune responses.
Abstract Background MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of multiple cellular pathways and play a key role in the development and progression of tumor. Multiple studies have shown that abnormal expression of miRNAs has close relation with the incidence of HCC, but the mechanism of miRNAs in HCC still needs further research. Here, we investigated the mechanism of miR-224 in the invasion and metastasis of liver cancer. Methods We employed real-time quantitative PCR to detect the expression of miR-224 and ADAM17 and HOXA5 in HCC tissues. The expression level of HOXA5 in liver cancer tissues was further verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Real time PCR and Western bloting were used to detect the expression changes of ADAM17 and HOXA5 caused by overexpression or silencing of miR-224.Dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated a direct association between miR-224 and its target gene ADAM17 and HOXA5. The migration and invasion experiment, MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the changes of the biology function of HCC cell after overexpression or silencing of miR-224. Results The data showed that miR-224 and ADAM17 were significantly up-regulated and HOXA5 was significantly down-regulated in HCC tissues. The targeted regulatory relationship between miR-224 and its target genes ADAM17 and HOXA5 was also demonstrated. More importantly, we found that miR-224 positively regulates cell migration and invasion in HCC, miR-224 overexpression can promote the migration and invasion of BEL-7402 cell, and miR-224 silencing can suppress the migration and invasion of BEL-7402 cell. MiR-224 overexpression can result in the redistribution of cell cycle, the cell percentage of S phase was increased significantly, the cell percentage of G1 phase was decreased significantly, and there is no noticeable change for the cell percentage of G2 phase. Conclusions These results demonstrated that miR-224 may be exert the function of oncogenes in a particular link of cancer cell growth, it will become a promising biological target in the treatment strategy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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