α-amylase was immobilized with the porous ceramic spheres using the fly ash as raw material with the appropriate proportion of glass powder,carbon soot as pore forming agent,carboxymethyl cellulose as binder.The several key factors,such as glutaraldehyde concentration,immobilized pH value,temperature,which affect the activity of the immobilize α-amylase,were studied.The results showed that self-made ceramic sphere is rich in a large number of pores,which helps the enzyme immobilization.With the conditions of glutaraldehyde concentration 1.6%,immobilized pH value 6.8,temperature 10℃,activity recovery of immobilized α-amylase was the highest rate,reached 84.00%.
The Hep-APTES/PLA was synthesized through the amidation reaction and results showed that surface heparinization significantly improved the hemocompatibility of PLA porous membrane.
The L-glutamate oxidase(GLOD) produced by Streptomyces sp.was purified by fraction precipitation by ammonium sulfate,HPLC desalination,ion exchange,Superdex G-200 Gel filtration chromatography and other steps.The electrophoresis purity was examined by SDS-PAGE,and the relative molecular weight of purified enzyme is 140ku.The properties of the L-glutamate oxidase were studied.The optimal temperature and pH value were 50℃ and 7.0,respectively.The enzyme was stable between 0℃～50℃ and within pH value 6.0～9.0.The Km value for hydrolyzation of L-glutamic acid by this enzyme was 2.1×10-4mol/L.Metal ions of K+,Na+ and Mg2+ had little effect on the activity of GLOD,but Hg2+,Cu2+ and Ag+ can inhibit the activity of the enzyme.
Head space solid-phase micro-extraction(HS-SPME) is an effective method for the detection of flavoring components of Daqu.In this study,six factors,including SPME fiber,the solvent,the use level of Daqu,the extraction temperature and time,and NaCl concentration,influencing the equilibrium of flavoring components between the samples and SPME fiber had been optimized respectively(each factor was contrasted based on the numbers and the area of peaks).The optimum results were summed as follows: PA fiber used,12 %(v/v) ethanol as solvent,sample weight was 0.2 g,and sample was equaled with ultrasonic treatment at 60 ℃ and extracted at 60 ℃ for 60 min with stirring prior to injection into GC.The optimized HS-SPME method was then applied to detect a Fen-flavor Daqu sample and 56 flavoring components were detected finally.
Tobacco-specific alkaloids and nitrosamines are important biomarkers for the estimation of tobacco use and human exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines that can be monitored by wastewater analysis. Thus far their analysis has used solid phase extraction, which is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we developed a direct injection liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of two tobacco-specific alkaloids and five nitrosamines in wastewater. The method achieved excellent linearity (R
Background It is still unknown whether drainage is necessary and non‐drainage is safe and acceptable after tourniquet‐free total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aim to investigate whether non‐drainage use is accepted in TKA that is performed without a tourniquet. Methods Clinical data of 80 adult patients who did or did not receive drainage in our centres from August 2015 to December 2015 were prospective investigated. Results The drainage group exhibited reduced hidden blood loss (47.6 ± 43.6 mL versus 151.1 ± 97.1 mL, P < 0.001), less calf swelling (d1: 3.2% versus 5.2%, P = 0.02) and milder knee active pain (d3: 4.9 ± 1.9 versus 5.9 ± 1.2, P = 0.01; d5: 3.2 ± 1.6 versus 4.2 ± 1.5, P = 0.003) than the non‐drainage group. However, the non‐drainage group had higher haemoglobin level (d1: 112.1 ± 10.6 g/dL versus 106.1 ± 12.4 g/dL, P = 0.026; d3: 99.5 ± 9.6 g/dL versus 92.7 ± 13.1 g/dL, P = 0.011) and less haematopoietic medication usage (42.1% versus 66.6%, P = 0.03) in the initial postoperative period following TKA. Earlier postoperative time to ambulation (22.4 ± 12.3 h versus 30.1 ± 14.6 h, P = 0.01) and shorter length of stay (5.5 ± 1.2 days versus 6.3 ± 1.7 days, P = 0.02) were found in the non‐drainage group. Conclusion It is practicable to abandon wound drainage in uncomplicated, primary, tourniquet‐free TKA.
This paper introduced the process of the healthy cherry vinegar using wine grains as raw material by bio-coupling cooperation fermentation technology and alcoholic and acid fermentation to determine the best fermentation condition.Cherry vinegar product had mellow vinegar body,rich flavor,clear and transparent with a sweet taste delicious.Taking the good cherry vinegar as the primary material,cherry vinegar drink is made,by increasing ingredients,for example citric acid and so on.Its feeling in the mouth is gentle,and receives the general consumer's favor.
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