Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of dimer captosuccinic acid-coated Fe 3 O 4 (super paramagnetic) nanoparticles (NP) on 2-deoxy-d-glucose in targeted cancer cells with high rates of glucose metabolism. Methods: We prepared Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA NP and 2-DG-conjugated Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA NP, γ -FE, O, and @DMSA-DG NP. Glucose consumption in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells was determined using γ -Fe2O3@DMSA NP or Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA-DG NP, and absorption was tested using Prussian blue staining, ultraviolet colorimetry, and magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Glucose consumption was the highest in MDA-MB-231, and the lowest in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEPiC). The significant uptake of Fe2O3@DMSA-DG NP by MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells within two hours was inhibited by glucose. The uptake of Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA-DG NP was significantly higher in MDA-MB-231 than in MCF-7 cells, whereas Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA NP was not obviously uptaken by either cell line. Absorption was also not evident in HMEPiC incubated with Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA-DG NP and Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA NP. Conclusions: The tumor targeting efficacy of 2-DG coated Fe 3 O 4 @DMSA NP was improved over Fe 3 O 4 ,@DMSA NP in cancer cells with high rates of glucose metabolism.
The insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are carrier proteins that are present in all extracellular fluids (). Similarly, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and -II are synthesized by connective tissue cells that are present within the stroma of all tissues, and therefore their presence is ubiquitous in all organs (). IGF receptors are present in all tissues, which accounts for balanced growth of organs, and deletion of the IGF-I gene results in a balanced decrease in organ growth, whereas overexpression of IGF-I results in a symmetric increase in growth ().
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae ( Spn ) is a common respiratory pathogen and the main cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia, acute otitis media. Imported 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was licensed in China and introduced in Shanghai in 2017.Methods: By calculating propensity scores with logistic regression, a comparison group was formed by frequency matching one unvaccinated child to one vaccinated child. For matching, we used the nearest-neighbor matching algorithm and exact matching, and then created distinct matched analysis sets for two cohorts. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to measure the cumulative incidence of all-cause pneumonia in both groups and used the log-rank test to assess the differences between the two cumulative incidence curves. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of differences in all-cause pneumonia between the two groups.Results: Completely vaccinated children accounted for 85.7% of the vaccinated children aged. The incidence of pneumonia in the streets and communities of Shanghai’s Songjiang district decreased rapidly from 2017, when PCV13 vaccination presented an overall increasing trend. In unadjusted analyses performed prior to propensity-score matching, PCV13 vaccination was associated with a significantly lower risk of all-cause pneumonia, compared to non-vaccination (prevalence odds ratio, 0.947; 95% CI: 0.985 to 0.996). The estimated vaccine effectiveness against visits for all-cause pneumonia was 19% (95% CI: 3 to 32) after the first dose in children vaccinated with at least one dose of PCV13.Conclusions: PCV13 vaccination among children aged 0-5 years substantially reduced the incidence of all-cause pneumonia. Direct immunization of children under 5 years is an effective strategy to combat outpatient pneumonia, and hospitalized pneumonia.Funding: This work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant no. OPP1216424], Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project [grant no. ZD2021CY001] and Shanghai New Three-year Action Plan for Public Health [grant no. GWV-10.1-XK16].Declaration of Interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this paper.Ethical Approval: This study was reviewed and approved by Medical Research Ethics Committee, School of Public Health, Fudan University (International registration number: IRB00002408 & FWA00002399), approval number is IRB# 2019-11-0789. Consent to participate was not applicable.
Merger and acquisition of enterprises are marked phenomenon and development tendency in modern market economy.In China,private enterprises have become a new force in enterprise merger and acquisition.From both macroscopic and microscopic aspects,the author analyzed the reasons why private enterprises merger and acquire listed companies.Besides,external and internal risks in the merger and acquisition are investigated.Finally,effective methods to avoid the risks are proposed from aspects such as target selection,plan formulation,relationship coordination,agent institution selection and conformity measures are discussed.
Acute hyperleukocytic leukemia (AHL) refers to acute leukemia patients whose peripheral white blood cell count(WBC) is more than 100×109/L. It is called hyperleukocytosis (HL), when peripheral WBC is more than 100×109/L. It is common in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). AHL has a rapid onset, rapid progress, high early mortality and poor prognosis, which is a critical disease in hematology department. Because of its complications such as leukostasis, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), patients′ lives are threatened and need urgent intervention. Therefore, how to reduce the early mortality of patients with AHL is an important research topic. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of AHL, especially the current treatment options.
Key words:
Leukocytosis; Leukemia; Tumor lysis syndrome; Acute hyperleukocytic leukemia; Lyperleukocytosis; Early mortality; Epidemiologic studies; Leukostasis
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common respiratory pathogen and the main cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia, acute otitis media. Imported 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was licensed in China and introduced in Shanghai in 2017. We aim to describe PCV13 vaccination trends and pneumonia incidence of children under 5 from 2017 to 2020, then estimate the effectiveness of PCV13 against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children under 5 in Shanghai, China.By calculating propensity scores with logistic regression, a comparison group was formed by frequency matching one unvaccinated child to one vaccinated child. For matching, we used the nearest-neighbor matching algorithm and exact matching, and then created distinct matched analysis sets for two cohorts. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted to measure the cumulative incidence of all-cause pneumonia in both groups and used the log-rank test to assess the differences between the two cumulative incidence curves. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of differences in all-cause pneumonia between the two groups.Children received three or more doses PCV13 accounted for 85.7% of all vaccinated children. The incidence of pneumonia in Shanghai's Songjiang district decreased rapidly from 2017, when PCV13 vaccination presented an overall increasing trend. The estimated vaccine effectiveness against visits for all-cause pneumonia was 19% (95% CI: 3 to 32) after the first dose in children vaccinated with at least one dose of PCV13. The protective effectiveness of PCV13 was found to be higher for hospitalized pneumonia (30%, 95% CI: 5% to 49%) than for outpatient pneumonia (19%, 95% CI: 4% to 32%).PCV13 vaccination among children aged 0-5 years substantially reduced the incidence of all-cause pneumonia. Direct immunization of children under 5 years is an effective strategy to combat outpatient pneumonia, and hospitalized pneumonia.
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