Perubahan iklim telah terjadi di wilayah Indonesia. Perubahan iklim memengaruhi pertanian melalui dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian indikasi perubahan iklim dan dampaknya terhadap produksi tanaman padi di Indonesia (Sumatera Selatan dan Malang Raya) pada tahun 2011-2013 telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji adanya perubahan iklim dan bagaimana dampaknya terhadap produksi padi di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan data dari temperatur, curah hujan, agroklimat, dan produksi tanaman padi serta data sosial ekonomi. Metodologi penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksplanatori menggunakan konsep asesmen risiko dimana risiko (risk) merupakan fungsi dari bahaya (hazard) dan kerentanan (vulnerability). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia telah terjadi perubahan iklim dengan indikasi peningkatan suhu, perubahan pola curah hujan, perubahan hitergraf, dan perubahan klasifikasi Oldeman. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pertanian sangat rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim dengan indikasi level bahaya yang tinggi pada penurunan produksi padi sebagai akibat peningkatan suhu dan perubahan pola curah hujan. Beberapa daerah di Sumatera Selatan maupun Malang Raya mempunyai risiko tinggi pada penurunan produksi tanaman padi. Umumnya Indonesia mempunyai tingkat risiko tinggi pada penurunan produksi padi dengan rerata 1,37 % per tahun dan berpotensi menyebabkan penurunan produksi pangan nasional. Climate change has been occurred in Indonesia. Climate change affects agriculture through its impact on growth, development, and crop yield. Research on climate change indication and its impact on rice production in Indonesia (South Sumatra and Malang Raya) in 2011-2013 has been done. The study aimed to assess climate change and how it impacts rice production in Indonesia. This study used data of temperature, rainfall, agroclimate, and rice production and socioeconomic. The methodology of this research was descriptive explanatory using risk assessment concept where risk was a function of hazard and vulnerability. The results of the study indicated that in Indonesia has been ocurred climate change with indications of temperature increase, changes in rainfall patterns, changes in hitergraph, and changes in Oldeman classification. The results also show that agriculture is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change with an indication of high hazard levels in the decline of rice production due to rising temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns. Several areas in South Sumatra and Malang Raya have a high risk of decreasing the rice production. Generally Indonesia has a high risk level on the decrease of rice production with an average of 1.37% per year and potentially causes the decline of national food production.
A sweet corn model was developed to simulate the growth and development of hybrid-sweet corn under different crop denssities. This research is comparing the data of the simulation model and the actual observation data in the field, which is then presented in graphical form. This model was conducted on six treatment combinations between three types of spacing and two varieties. The simulation model requires meteorological data (average temperature, humidity, precipitation, and radiation), soil water data, and crop chracteristics. There are five of the six plant combinations which graph show that the model is able to simulate the total maize corn biomass every week. The model was able to estimate 93% of the actual biomass and described the growth and development of hybrid-sweet corn as well.
Keywords: estimating biomass, models and simulations, plant growth
Penyakit malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Kota Jayapura. Penyakit ini tersebar pada semua wilayah dengan jumlah kasus yang bervariasi. Peningkatan penularan penyakit malaria dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lokal, termasuk curah hujan, karakteristik habitat dan sebaran habitat larva. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat dan pengaruh curah hujan terhadap sebaran habitat positif larva nyamuk Anopheles spp. di Distrik Heram Kota Jayapura. Metode yang digunakan merupakan observasi lapangan dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dan statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada 6 jenis habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk Anopheles spp. di Distrik Heram, yaitu kobakan, kubangan, parit, kolam, kali dan bekas tapak ban. Habitat tersebut ditemukan di Kelurahan Waena dan Yabansai. Luas habitat larva berkisar antar 0.04-28 m2, kedalaman air 5-115 cm, suhu air 26.7-3.7 OC dan pH air 6.7-7.7. Sebaran habitat positif larva signifikan dipengaruhi oleh curah hujan yaitu kubangan (p=0.000; r=0.69), kobakan (p=0.000; r=0.87), parit (p=0,000; r=0.57), bekas tapak ban (p=0.047; r=0.34), kolam (p=0.000, r=0.57) dan kali (p=0.007; r=0.46) dengan koefisien determinan berkisar antara 0.11-0.77. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan mempengaruhi sebaran habitat positif larva nyamuk Anopheles spp. di distrik Heram.
Padi merah merupakan salah satu plasma nutfah padi lokal yang memiliki keunggulan baik dari rasa, kepulenan maupun fungsinya bagi tubuh. Saat ini, potensi pengembangan plasma nutfah padi lokal menjadi varietas padi unggul tergolong rendah, hal tersebut dikarenakan masih kurangnya analisa keragaman genetik plasma nutfah padi lokal yang telah dikoleksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman genetik beberapa karakter morfologi sembilan genotip padi merah ( Oryza sativa L.) pada fase vegetatif dan generatif. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat keragaman genetik yang luas pada beberapa karakter morfologi sembilan genotip padi merah ( Oryza sativa L.) pada fase vegetatif dan generatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari–Agustus 2017 di kebun percobaan Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 ulangan. Nilai Koefisien Keragaman Genetik (KKG) dari semua karakter pengamantan kuantitatif tergolong dalam kategori rendah, yakni berkisar antara 5% - 16% begitu juga nilai Koefisien Keragaman Fenotip (KKF) yakni berkisar antara 6% - 18%. Nilai heritabilitas pada beberapa karakter pengamatan kuantitatif tergolong dalam nilai heritabilitas tinggi (h 2 > 0,5), yaitu berkisar antara 0,75 – 0,8. Dari hasil pengamatan terhadap beberapa karakter kualitatif juga menunjukkan adanya keragaman pada setiap genotip padi merah. Penampilan pada semua karakter yang diamati pada penelitian ini lebih besar dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik dari pada faktor lingkungan.
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the Bogor Taro Agribusiness System in Sebokor Village, Air Kumbang District in Banyuasin Regency and also to find out how big the contribution of Bogor taro farming to family income in Sebokor Village, Air Kumbang District, Banyuasin Regency. Data collection methods are interview observations and documentation. Data collection techniques are carried out by sharing the results of statements that have been made in the form of questionnaires to Bogor taro farmers in Sebokor Village, Air Kumbang District as respondents in the study. This study uses primary data obtained from the process of filling out the questionnaire statements and the analytical technique used is qualitative analysis techniques. The results of this study note that the Bogor taro agribusiness system in Sebokor Village includes 1. Subsystem for Procurement of agricultural infrastructure and facilities. 2. Farming subsystem. The average income obtained by Bogor taro farmers in this study is Rp. 18,666,250.,/Lg/Mt/ the planting period is 7 months and the contribution of Bogor taro business income to family income is 40.7%.ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Sistem Agribisnis Talas Bogor di Desa Sebokor Kecamatan Air Kumbang di Kabupaten Banyuasin dan serta untuk mengetahui Berapa besar kontribusi usahatani talas bogor terhadap pendapatan Keluarga di Desa Sebokor Kecamatan Air Kumbang Kabupaten Banyuasin. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu observasi wawancara dan dokumentasi, Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara membagikan hasil pernyataan yang telah dibuat dalam bentuk kuisioner kepada petani talas bogor di Desa Sebokor Kecamatan Air Kumbang sebagai responden dalam penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari proses pengisian pernyataan kuisioner dan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah teknik analisa Kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa sistem agribisnis talas bogor di Desa Sebokor meliputi 1. Subsistem Pengadaan prasarana dan sarana pertanian. 2. Subsistem usahatani. Rata-rata pendapatan yang diperoleh petani talas bogor dalam penelitian ini yakni sebesar Rp. 18.666.250.,/Lg/Mt/ masa tanam selama 7 bulan dan besarnya kontribusi pendapatan usahaani talas bogor terhadap pendapatan keluarga sebesar 40,7%.
Sugarcane productivity is naturally affected by climate variables and limited by the water availability. This study simulated a water balance model to estimate sugarcane water requirement and to estimate the best planting time as well based on its optimum productivity in Kediri Regency. Water requirement was estimated by water loss of evapotranspiration following FAO No. 24, while the productivity was based on mid-maturing sugarcane growth and development. Sugarcane rainfed area in Kediri Regency needs approximately 26-128 mm water per month based on its loss by evapotranspiration. The value varied due to the growth phase. More than 60% water was used in vegetative phase for developing buds and stem elongation of about 3-9 months after planting. The highest sugarcane productivity was obtained in July-September as the best planting time shown by simulation. Moreover, water deficiency during mid-season of sugarcane growth could decrease productivity by a significant amount. The work presented here could be used as a tool to help decision makers for irrigation management and select the best planting date.
Abstract The aggressive nature of the glioma tumor and the low survival rate of glioma sufferers make it very difficult to cure glioma tumors. The use of biomarkers in the blood to detect early glioma tumors is necessary for the evaluation of special treatment in patients with these tumors. Because there is a relationship between blood glucose concentrations and glioma tumors. This also opens up opportunities for the early detection of glioma tumors using the dynamic model method. This study presents the model of coupled ordinary differential equations to describe glioma growth based on changes in blood glucose concentration. This dynamic model contains glioma-glucose-immune interaction. The Runge-Kutta Order 45 function that has been created gives similar results with the MATLAB ode solver (ode45, ode23s, and ode15s). The simulation results indicate that there is an inverse relationship between glioma tumor growth (active state not in a dormant state) and a decrease in blood glucose serum levels. Also, there is a relationship between glioma growth and the immune system, which is an important element in controlling glioma tumor growth.
Abstract The excessive use of pesticides is a problem in vegetable production in Indonesia including in hot pepper chili cultivation. According to this condition, an experiment was conducted in Bocek village Karangploso district Malang Regency from May to November 2019. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replications. The introduced treatment was the improvement of the integrated plant and resources management (IPRM) component technology i.e. seedling immunization with Amaranthus spinosus liquid extract as an inducer and the use of BaPf as a PGPR and biological control that compared to the farmer technology (existing). The result showed that the introduced technology treatment (seedling immunization + BaPf) gave a higher plant posture than the other treatments. The highest fresh fruit weight was obtained in this treatment. This treatment also produced the highest yield of about 0.81 kg plant −1 or 21.48 tonnes ha −1 or the highest 19,84 % than existing. The intensity of yellow virus and anthracnose diseases in the introduced treatment was lower than existing. Farming analyses showed that this treatment (B) resulted in a higher profit of about Rp 18,214,870/1000 m 2 with a 1,51 of B/C ratio.
