Designing actuator controllers of aircraft, which control aileron, flap, elevator and so on, is quiet difficult, because they have time variant nonlinear mechanical structures and also have many kinds of disturbances which are not been able to model easily. This paper reports about the performance of Fuzzy Auto gain tuning Control algorithm applied unmaned aerial vehicle. Fuzzy Auto gain tuning PID control uses PID control and Fuzzy control, therefore It can be applied very easily and it also has advances of PID control. It can control a unmaned aerial vehicle actuators adaptively even though the designer does not have enough information of plant.
Shark skin has functionalities such as self-cleaning and antifouling; it also exhibits excellent drag reduction owing to a hierarchical structure of microgrooves and nanometer-long chain mucus drag reduction interfaces around the shark body. In this study, the wettability of a shark skin surface and its replicas are evaluated. First, a shark skin template is taken from a real shark. Then, shark skin replicas are produced directly from a shark skin template, using a micromolding technique. The quantitative replication precision of the shark skin replicas is evaluated by comparing the geometry of the shark skin template to the replica using 2D surface profiles. Contact angles at the solid-air-water interfaces are evaluated for the shark skin template and its replicas under two conditions: with and without hydrophobic coating. The results show that the microriblets on shark skin improve the hydrophobic feature and play a critical role in self-cleaning.
Response-time constraint is the most important property in real-time systems. Therefore, timing prediction for the guarantee of response-time is requisite for real-time software development. Real-time software is composed of a number of timeand event-triggered methods. As the relationship of different methods caused by time definitions, the execution time analysis of software for timing prediction is generally extremely difficult. As such, this paper presents a program segment for a unit of automation analysis that divides control flows by behaviors of time and events. This program segment is the result of dividing complex programs into simple intuitive codes. The proposed program segment simplifies the analysis target, reduces the overhead due to duplicate analysis and yields formal execution time analysis methods. It can be used to either a static or dynamic execution time analysis by infrastructure. Therefore, developers can easily verify temporal correctness, and understand the timing relationship of software.
본 연구는 디자인 정책과 국가 디자인 시스템에서 에서 시작되었다. 디자인 정책 및 디자인 산업 분석, 사회 경제와 관계 분석을 통해 영국, 한국, 중국의 디자인 정책과 디자인시스템을 비교했다. 본 연구의 목적은 중국 디자인 정책을 수립하고 연구하기 위한 경험적 시사점을 제공하는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문은 분야별 대표적인 디자인 정책 추진 사례를 분석하여 혁신 디자인 추진의 발전 경로를 모색하고자 시도하였다. 결국 중국의 현재 디자인 정책 분야 부족을 바탕으로 해결 방안을 제시했다.BR 연구결과 및 내용은 다음과 같다.BR 첫째, 디자인 정책, 국가 디자인 시스템 등과 관련한 이론에 관해 선행 연구를 수행함으로써 디자인 정책이 국가 경쟁력에 미치는 영향 요인을 설명했다. 또한 국가 디자인 시스템 구성, 디자인 진흥 조직, 디자인 정책 사례 등을 분석함으로써 후속 연구를 위한 이론적 토대를 마련했다.BR 둘째, 비교 연구 방법을 통해 각국의 디자인 인재양성, 디자인 보호, 중장기 계획 등의 분야에 대한 디자인 정책의 구체적인 사항을 비교함으로써 중국 디자인 정책의 부족한 점과 단점을 찾아낼 수 있었다.BR 셋째, 이상에서 살펴본 디자인 정책 비교 분석 결과를 종합해 중국의 디자인 정책 발전을 위한 현 중국디자인 정책의 문제점과 발생 원인에 대해 요약 및 정리했다. 영국과 한국의 디자인 정책 발전 전략과 구체적인 방법을 토대로 미래의 중국 디자인 정책 발전을 위한 방안을 제시해 중국 디자인 시스템 구축 및 디자인 정책을 개선을 촉진하고자 했다.BR 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 디자인 선진국의 객관적인 중국 혁신 디자인 산업 발전 경험을 통해 중국디자인 정책 수립 및 연구에 경험적 시사점을 제공할 것으로 기대한다.
III-V multi-junction solar cells are based on a triple-junction design that consists of an InGaP top junction, a GaAs middle junction, and a bottom junction that employs either a 1eV material grown on the GaAs substrate or InGaAs grown on the Ge substrate. The most promising 1 eV material that is currently under extensive investigation is bulk dilute nitride such as InGaAsN(Sb) lattice matched to GaAs substrates. Both approaches utilizing dilute nitrides and lattice-mismatched InGaAs layers have a potential to achieve high performance triple-junction solar cells. In addition, it will be beneficial for both commercial and space applications if III-V triple-junction solar cells can significantly reduce weight and can be manufactured cost effectively while maintaining high efficiency. The most attractive approach to achieve these goals is to employ full-wafer epitaxial lift off (ELO) technology, which can eliminate the substrate weight and also enable multiple substrate re-usages. For the present study, we employed time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) techniques to study carrier dynamics in MOVPE-grown bulk dilute nitride layers lattice matched to GaAs substrates, where carrier lifetime measurements are crucial in optimizing MOVPE materials growth. We studied carrier dynamics in InGaAsN(Sb) layers with different amounts of N incorporated. Carrier lifetimes were also measured from InGaAsN(Sb) layers at different stages of post-growth thermal annealing steps. Post-growth annealing yielded significant improvements in carrier lifetimes of InGaAsNSb double hetero-structure (DH) samples compared to InGaAsN DH samples possibly due to the surfactant effect of Sb. In addition, we studied carrier dynamics in MOVPE-grown GaAs-InAl(Ga)P layers grown on GaAs substrates. The structures were grown on top of a thin AlAs release layer, which allowed epitaxial layers grown on top of the AlAs layer to be removed from the substrate. The GaAs layers had various doping densities and thicknesses. We present our TR-PL results from both pre- and post-ELO processed GaAs-InAl(Ga)P samples.
This research presents the results of the strength and drying shrinkage properties to study the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag(GGBFS), fly ash(FA) and calcium sulfoaluminate(CSA) for activated ternary blended slag cement. The activated ternary blended cement(ATBC) mortar were prepared having a constant water-cementitious materials ratios of 0.4. The GGBFS contents ratios of 100%, 80%, 70% and 60%, FA replacement ratios of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%, CSA ratios of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% were designed. The superplasticizer of polycarboxylate type were used. The activator was used of 10% sodium hydroxide(NaOH) + 10% sodium silicate(Na2SiO3) by weight of binder. Test were conducted for mini slump, setting time, V-funnel, water absorption, compressive strength and drying shrinkage. According to the experimental results, the contents of superplasticizer, V-funnel and compressive strength increases with an increase in CSA contents for all mixtures. Moreover, the setting time, water absorption ratios and drying shrinkage ratio decrease with and increase in CSA. One of the major reason for the increase of strength and decrease of drying shrinkage is the accelerated reactivity of GGBFS with alkali activator and CSA. The CSA contents is the main parameter to explain the strength development and decreased drying shrinkage in the ATBC.
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