Current brain cognitive models are insufficient in handling outliers and dynamics of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. This article presents a novel self-paced dynamic infinite mixture model to infer the dynamics of EEG fatigue signals. The instantaneous spectrum features provided by ensemble wavelet transform and Hilbert transform are extracted to form four fatigue indicators. The covariance of log likelihood of the complete data is proposed to accurately identify similar components and dynamics of the developed mixture model. Compared with its seven peers, the proposed model shows better performance in automatically identifying a pilot's brain workload.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Fuzzy and rough sets are considered to be complementary to each other, addressing different aspects of uncertainty and vagueness. The rough set theory has been extended and modified such that it can be applied to the preference analysis in ordered decision making. However, neither the ordered structure nor dominance degrees among the investigated objects can be revealed during the ordered decision making process. In this paper, an innovative rough set model based on fuzzy covering is developed for ordered decision making. First, the crisp preference relation rough set model and the fuzzy preference relation model for ordered decision making were introduced. Next we integrated the fuzzy preference relation with the crisp preference relation rough set model to propose an innovative rough set model based on fuzzy covering for ordered decision making. Using the innovative model, both the ordered structure and dominance degrees among the investigated objects can be revealed during the ordered decision making process. The proposed model was then compared with the crisp preference rough set model. Finally, the proposed model is utilized to analyze fuzzy preference data obtained from real experiments of ordered decision making. Results validated the effectiveness of the innovative model.
A series of new 5-oxo-1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives with 1, 4-disubsituted or 1, 5-disubsituted indole group was designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically evaluated. These derivatives displayed high affinities to the AT1 receptor at the same order of magnitude to losartan. The methyl ester with 1, 4-disubsituted indole group, 1 (5.01 ± 1.67 nM) showed high antihypertension activity on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Its maximal response lowered 30 mmHg of mean blood pressure (MBP) at 10 mg/kg after oral administration, which was better than irbesartan, and the antihypertensive effect lasted beyond 24 h. These results made 1 deserve further investigation.
The continued scaling in logic technology poses significant challenges such as huge resistance-capacitance (RC) delays due to the shrinkage in dimensions. To address the BEOL Cu interconnect portion of RC delays, reducing the via resistance through Tantalum Nitride (TaN) barrier layer adjustment is critical while in the meantime must meet the reliability requirement. TaN barrier on via bottom contribute the major portion of Via R due to its high resistivity. Thinner TaN barrier approach, however, is limited due to its degraded barrier performance; In this paper, we presented the study of selective barrier approach that utilize gas phase metal passivation method to provide barrier free via bottom. >50% via R reduction is demonstrated with no reliability degradation.
Symmetry is a motif featured in almost all areas of science, and understanding the mechanism of symmetry breaking is challenging. Similar to mutations that disrupt symmetry in evolution, defects in materials offer insight into symmetry breaking. Here, we investigate symmetry in intragenerational mutations and symmetry breaking in transgenerational mutations in the evolutionary growth system of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Mutations caused by pentagon-heptagon (5-7) pairs in different conformations shorten the lifespans of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by acting as time markers during growth. Symmetric distributions are observed for intragenerational mutations from (
Availability is an important performance measurement of repairable system which represents the capability whether a system is operating satisfactorily at any point in time. However, aircraft availability had been seldom addressed in literatures. In this article we discussed passenger aircraft availability with exponential operation time and repair time distribution. First analyzed the airplane operation process by integrating maintenance problems. Then passenger aircraft classical availability estimates were given according to practical engineering background. Considering there were history information for a similar type of aircraft fleet, and assuming the exponential shape parameters had gamma prior distribution, we made various statistical inferences about the steady state system availability that includes point and interval estimates. A numerical example proved the effectiveness of this method using the reliability data of an aircraft fleet from a Chinese airline from 2002 to 2009. Additionally, by adopting computer simulation, the effect of introducing historical information was discussed.
The development of cost-effective, high-activity, and stable bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) is essential for Zn–air batteries (ZABs) to reach the market. Such catalysts must contain multiple adsorption/reaction sites to cope with the high demands of reversible oxygen electrodes. Herein, we propose a high entropy alloy (HEA) based on relatively abundant elements as a bifunctional ORR/OER catalyst. More specifically, we detail the synthesis of a CrMnFeCoNi HEA through a low-temperature solution-based approach. Such HEA displays superior OER performance with an overpotential of 265 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2, and a 37.9 mV dec-1 Tafel slope, well above the properties of a standard commercial catalyst based on RuO2. This high performance is partially explained by the presence of twinned defects, the incidence of large lattice distortions, and the electronic synergy between the different components, being Cr key to decreasing the energy barrier of the OER rate-determining step. CrMnFeCoNi also displays superior ORR performance with a half-potential of 0.78 V and an onset potential of 0.88 V, comparable with commercial Pt/C. The potential gap (Egap) between the OER overpotential and the ORR half-potential of CrMnFeCoNi is just 0.734 V. ZABs are assembled using the CrMnFeCoNi HEA as air cathode and a zinc foil as the anode. The assembled cells provide an open-circuit voltage (OPV) of 1.489 V, a peak power density of 116.5 mW/cm2, and a specific capacity of 836 mAh g−1 that stays stable for more than 10 days of continuous cycling.
An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
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