An extensive theoretical and numerical study of gravitational settling of small particles in a stratified fluid was performed. Adopting the integral equation on surface traction, we derived the drag enhancement due to stratification at low Reynolds and Peclet numbers, and confirmed with simulations.
In this study, shape memory alloy wires and piezoceramic actuators were employed in order to generate higher modes on the beam deformations without intermediate supporting points. Compressive force was generated and applied to the beam by the prestrained shape memory alloy wires attached at both ends of the beam. The piezoceramic actuators applied concentrated moments to several locations on the beam. Combinations of the compressive force and concentrated moments were investigated in order to understand the higher-mode deformation of cantilevered and simply supported beams.
The synthesis of well defined nanoparticles with green chemistry has been an area of intense investigation, but still requires development. In this study, we propose a novel approach for controlling the particle size and distribution through diffusion-controlled growth of plasma-assisted electrochemical synthesis. The continuous, controlled addition of an Au precursor with syringe pump successfully controls the particle size in the range of 50-300 nm with a monodisperse size distribution. Moreover, gold nanoparticles can be formed successfully without any stabilizer and reducing agent. Through optimization of the reaction parameters, including the reaction temperature, discharge current of the microplasma, pH, and concentration of D-(-)-fructose, we verify two distinct feature of diffusion-controlled growth that the particle growth is good agreement of theoretical growth rate (r ∼ t 1/3) and the formed gold nanoparticles exhibit polyhedral or near-spherical shapes. This method has been applied to synthesize Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles and control the Ag shell thickness.
Optoelectronic Synapses In article number 2102980, a flexible optoelectronic synapse fabricated on 2D van der Waals (vdW) layered rhenium disulfide, which features an inherent photosensitive memory nature derived from the persistent photoconductivity effect, is presented by Yong-Hoon Kim, Jin-Hong Park, and co-workers. After in-depth analysis including density functional theory calculations on rhenium disulfide, its feasibility for a hardware neural network with learning ability is also demonstrated using a convolutional neural network composed of vdW optoelectronic synapses.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigated the effect of varying bench press grip on the EMG activity of the upper body muscle during bench press exercise. METHODS: 12 male students(22.5±2.7yrs) were participated. To assess th emyoelectric activities of selected muscles, surface electrodes were attached to pectoralis major, trapezius, front deltoid and triceps brachii. IEMG and NEMG were measured for each muscles. For each variable, one-way repeated ANOVA was used to determine whether these were significant difference among three grip bench press. From the above experiment, this study analyzed muscle activities and participations in wide grip(WD), normal grip(NM), and narrow grip(NR) during bench press. When a significant difference was found in three grip bench press, post hoc analysis were performed using Tukey procedure. Significant level was.05. RESULTS: IEMG of triceps brachii muscle was significantly affected depending on the change of bench press grip(WD 35.42±9.25% vs NM 52.68±11.02%, p<.05). NEMG of pectoralis major was significantly different between WD and NM & NR grip(30.91±6.93% vs 17.61±3.75 & 15.56±5.53, p<.05). NEMG of trapezius was significantly different between WD and NR(3.63±1.21 vs 10.86±2.23, p<.05). NEMG of triceps brachii was significantly difference between WD and NM(28.17±4.39 vs 40.97±7.53, p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pectoralis major muscle activity reduced as a grip narrow. And muscle activity of trapezius and tricep brachii increased as a grip narrow.
Abstract In order to improve the discharge characteristics such as discharge voltage, luminance, luminous efficacy, temperature dependence of misfiring, a small amount of Si was added to the MgO protective layer of an alternating current plasma display panel (AC‐PDP). The effect of Si‐doping on a MgO protective layer was reported that it reduces the firing voltage and improved electro‐optical characteristics of AC‐PDP due to the increase of the secondary electron emission with Si concentration. In this study, it was observed that Si‐doping on MgO protective layer reduces the temperature dependence of misfiring compared with a pure MgO film. The effects of Si concentration are reported on the surface‐discharge characteristics of an AC‐PDP.
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