Magnetic-induction phase shift (MIPS) was rarely used in vivo and clinically because of low sensitivity and nonquantitative detection. The conventional single excitation coil and single detection coil (single coil-coil) generates divergent excitation magnetic field, resulting in different sensitivity of different object positions.To improve the sensitivity and linearity of MIPS and object volume to realize quantitative detection, a novel sensor system was proposed.The novel sensor system adopted uniform rotating magnetic field replacing the divergent magnetic field for the first time integrated with primary field cancellation. The uniform rotating magnetic field was generated by a birdcage coil excited by two orthogonal current; the primary field cancellation was realized by a specially arranged solenoid receiver coil installed co-axially with the birdcage coil detecting the z, not x and y-component of the secondary magnetic field.The saltwater simulation experiment showed that MIPS changed high linearity with the injection volume of all four different conductivity solutions. The experimental results of rabbit cerebral hemorrhage (CH) revealed that with injected blood volume increased to 3 ml, the MIPS linearly decreased to -1.916°, which was 5.5 times higher than that of the single coil-coil method.Compared with the single coil-coil method, this novel detection system was more sensitive and linearly correlated for the detection of bleeding volume. It provided the probability of quantitative detection of the CH volume and a series of brain-content diseases.
An accurate description of the sulphur migration process and mechanism is essential for guiding the selection and development of desulphurisation technology during the coking process, to increase the desulphurisation efficiency in the use of high-sulphur coking coal and decrease the sulphur content in the produced coke. However, the identified sulphur transformation mechanism in coal pyrolysis is not entirely applicable to the coking process due to variations in atmosphere, temperature and pressure. This work used numerous characterisation techniques in conjunction with experiments to quantitatively evaluate the transformation mechanism of both organic and inorganic sulphur throughout the coking process. The bond-breaking order of functional groups in sulphur during coking was obtained by the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis. The results show that desulphurisation in the coking process mainly occurs below 600 °C and 72.8% of sulphur in coal is retained in coke. Among them, FeS 2 and sulphoxide are completely removed while sulphides are reduced by 67.9%. The content of sulphone increases by 46.1% because of the transformation of sulphoxide. Thiophenes and sulphates increase by 32.5% and 33.9%, respectively, as a result of the inorganic sulphur transformation and secondary reactions of sulphur-containing gases above 500 °C. Through Noda's theorem, the bond-breaking sequence of sulphur-containing functional groups in coal during the coking process is obtained as follows: Fe–S bond → thiol C–S bond → alkyl sulphide C–S bond → thiol–SH → aliphatic C–S bond → thioether C–S bond → sulphoxide S=O bond → sulphone, sulphoxide C–S bond. By clarifying the desulphurisation characteristics of different sulphur forms, suggestions and ideas for the development of desulphurisation technology of coking coal are put forward, which is helpful for the wide utilisation of high-sulphur coal.
The performance of SiO anodes is critically dependent on the characteristics of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI). However, the properties of SEI are challenging to control due to the complexity of its generation mechanisms. Among them, the electrode interface property is one of the crucial but easily neglected factors influencing the formation of SEI. Herein, considering the strong reaction tendency of HF with SiO, TiN is used as a coating to isolate HF from SiO to investigate the mechanism of influence of electrode interface on SEI. The dominant exposed crystalline planes of the TiN coatings are modified by tuning supersaturation during the coating process, and the changes in electrode interface properties were achieved. The variation of mechanical properties of SEI under different interface properties are discussed and analyzed, and the SiO/TiN-{100} electrode with a rigid-flexible SEI is preferred. Furthermore, the adsorption states of LiF on different TiN crystal planes are calculated and analyzed by the first-principle method to reveal the effect of the electrode interfacial property on SEI. Electrochemical tests show that the performance of the SiO/TiN-{100} electrode is significantly better than others. Finally, the electrochemical-mechanical coupled correlation between SEI and cycling performance was deeply revealed based on differential capacity analyses.
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