Introduction ABO-incompatible (ABOi) kidney transplantation (KT) has become an important option to overcome organ shortage. Plasmapheresis/rituximab-based desensitization therapy has successfully reduced anti-ABO antibody levels and suppressed antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) in ABOi KT. However, high titers of anti-ABO antibodies in some patients are refractory to standard desensitization, leading to loss of KT opportunities or AMR. Methods Eculizumab treatment was used an adjunctive therapy to rescue high-titer ABOi KT patients refractory to plasmapheresis/rituximab-based desensitization. Molecular phenotypes of allograft biopsies and cellular phenotypes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of eculizumab group were compared with those of control groups using the Banff Human Organ Transplant gene panel and flow-cytometric analysis, respectively. Results The initial titers of anti-ABO antibodies in the two patients were 1:512 and >1:1024; the final pre-transplant titers after desensitization were 1:128 and 1:64. Both patients received eculizumab from KT day to two or four weeks post-KT and maintained stable renal function up to one-year post-transplantation without overt infection, despite early episodes of probable AMR or borderline T cell-mediated rejection. Molecular phenotype analysis revealed that gene expression patterns in the ABOi KT with eculizumab group overlapped with those in the ABOi KT with AMR group more than in the ABOi KT without AMR group, except for complement pathway-related gene expression. Anti-ABO antibody titers decreased to low levels 1–3 months post-transplant in the eculizumab group in parallel with decreasing anti-B-specific B cells. Conclusions Short-term eculizumab therapy is promising for rescuing ABOi KT recipients with high anti-ABO antibody titers refractory to plasmapheresis-based desensitization therapy.
Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been widely used in aquaculture field as a therapeutic and prophylactic agent because of its broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. Residual oxytetracycline (OTC) was studied after spray treatment of cultured abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Muscle concentration of OTC was determined after spray treatment ( 4,000, 7,000, 10,000 ppm) in the abalone. Muscle samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 and 360 day post-dose. OTC analyses were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In 4000, 7000 and 1000 ppm treatment for small size abalones, OTC levels at 1 day post-dose, have been dramatically decreased by 8.34, 3.35 and 4.47 ug/g, respectively. For medium size abalones, concentration were measured as 7.58, 15.62 and 7.8 ug/g, respectively. Those of large size abalones also were observed as 11.31, 12.38 and 15.28 ug/g, respectively, at 1 day post-dose. No significant differences in residual OTC depletion in muscles were observed between the size of abalones. More than 0.2 mg/kg of OTC was detected in muscle tissues and the residues were found over 60 days after treatment. It is expected that these results would contribute to improve recommended withdrawl periods of OTC for a safer seafood supply.
연구 목적: 본 연구 목적은 문제해결에 기초한 그림책 토의 활동이 유아의 정서지능 및 또래유능성에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 목적이 있다.연구 방법: 연구대상은 G시에 위치한 U유치원 만 5세 유아 38명(실험집단 19명, 통제집단 19명)이다. 연구도구는 정서지능과 또래유능성 검사도구를 사용하였다. 실험처치는 8주간 총 8회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 통계 프로그램으로 독립 t검정을 실시하였다.연구 내용: 첫째, 문제해결에 기초한 그림책 토의활동이 유아의 정서지능에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 문제해결에 기초한 그림책 토의활동이 유아의 또래유능성에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.결론 및 제언: 유아들이 일상생활 및 활동 환경 내에서 또래와의 긍정적인 상호작용을 통해 사회적 기술을 발달시키고, 갈등 상황을 건설적으로 해결하는 능력을 키울 수 있음을 시사한다.
본 연구에서는 Bacillus subtilis NUC1균주로 발효한 탈지대두 grits 발효물인 FD와 탈지대두 grits에 녹두를 2.5, 5, 10%로 각각 첨가하여 발효한 FDM을 각각 제조하여 in vitro 상에서의 콜레스테롤 개선능을 검색하였다. FD와 FDM군의 콜레스테롤 흡착능을 살펴본 결과, 모든 군에서 70% 이상의 흡착능을 보였다. 특히 2.5% 녹두를 첨가하여 발효시킨 FDM군(2.5% FDM)은 90%의 가장 높은 흡착능을 보였다. 2.5% FDM군은 42%의 HMG-CoA reductase 저해 활성을 보였고, 또한 HepG2 세포를 이용하여 측정한 세포내의 콜레스테롤 함량과 apolipoprotein AⅠ, CⅢ의 개선효과에서도 가장 우수한 개선효과를 보였다. 따라서 2.5% 녹두를 첨가하여 발효시킨 FDM군은 고콜레스테롤 예방에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.
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