Tracheal intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients creates a risk to physiologically compromised patients and to attending healthcare providers. Clinical information on airway management and expert recommendations in these patients are urgently needed. By analysing a two-centre retrospective observational case series from Wuhan, China, a panel of international airway management experts discussed the results and formulated consensus recommendations for the management of tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients. Of 202 COVID-19 patients undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, most were males (n=136; 67.3%) and aged 65 yr or more (n=128; 63.4%). Most patients (n=152; 75.2%) were hypoxaemic (Sao
Itch, the unpleasant sensation that evokes a desire to scratch, accompanies numerous skin and nervous system disorders. In many cases, pathological itch is insensitive to antihistamine treatment. Recent studies have identified members of the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (Mrgpr) family that are activated by mast cell mediators and promote histamine-independent itch. MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 act as receptors for the pruritogens chloroquine and BAM8-22, respectively. However, the signaling pathways and transduction channels activated downstream of these pruritogens are largely unknown. We found that TRPA1 is the downstream target of both MrgprA3 and MrgprC11 in cultured sensory neurons and heterologous cells. TRPA1 is required for Mrgpr-mediated signaling, as sensory neurons from TRPA1-deficient mice exhibited markedly diminished responses to chloroquine and BAM8-22. Similarly, TRPA1-deficient mice displayed little to no scratching in response to these pruritogens. Our findings indicate that TRPA1 is an essential component of the signaling pathways that promote histamine-independent itch. PMID: 21460831 Funding information This work was supported by: PHS HHS, United States Grant ID: DOD007123A Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: DP2 OD007123-01 NEI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: T32 EY017203 NIAMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 AR059385 NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: DP2 OD007123 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
Background: Different anaesthetics exert different effects on the long-term outcomes of various cancers. The TWIK-related acid sensitive potassium 3 (TASK-3) channel is an important target of anaesthetics and is upregulated in various cancers. However, the role and underlying mechanism of TASK-3 channel in the effects of anaesthetics on ovarian cancer remain unknown.Methods: The expression of TASK-3 channels was examined in human ovarian cancer samples and ovarian cancer cell lines. The effects of TASK-3 channel inhibition or activation by anaesthetics on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and invasion and xenografts were assayed.Findings: The TASK-3 channel was overexpressed in human ovarian cancer and ovarian cancer cell lines. Clinically relevant concentrations of lidocaine, as a TASK-3 channel inhibitor, exert inhibitory effects on tumour growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, whereas the TASK-3 channel potent activator sevoflurane had protumour effects and propofol had no significant effects on tumour growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Knockdown of the TASK-3 channel by TASK-3 shRNA attenuated the effects of lidocaine and sevoflurane. Moreover, mitochondrial TASK-3 channel contributes to the effects of lidocaine and sevoflurane on the mitochondrial functions of ovarian cancer.Interpretation: The TASK-3 channel, especially the mitochondrial TASK-3 (MitoTASK-3) channel, is a molecular substrate for the effects of lidocaine and sevoflurane on the tumour growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer.Funding Statement: This work was supported by grant 81571075 (to Xiangdong Chen) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Beijing, China).Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: All animal experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Wuhan, Hubei, China). Ethics approval for the study was granted by the local research ethics committee. Specimens were collected with legal regulations, and informed consent was obtained from each patient.
Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates is a popular ornamental plant native to southeastern North America. Genomic data and genetic studies related to Chasmanthium latifolium are limited. Therefore, the complete chloroplast genome of Chasmanthium latifolium was sequenced, assembled, and characterized in this study. The complete chloroplast genome was 138,934 bp in length and contained 105 unique genes (77 protein-coding genes, 24 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes). Phylogenetic analyses showed that Chasmanthium latifolium and Chasmanthium laxum clustered into a separate clade with the closest affinity to the clade comprising Zeugites pittieri Hack and Lophatherum gracile Brongn. In conclusion, our study describes the complete chloroplast genome of Chasmanthium latifolium for the first time, contributing to a better understanding of its taxonomy and evolution.
Fixed-time control is the most extensively deployed traffic control method at intersections, thanks to its practicality and robustness. The emerging of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies can further improve the performance of traditional fixed-time control with sophisticated trajectory planning and smaller vehicular gap. However, existing studies have not paid enough attention to the investigation of the potential improvement. This paper presents an analysis method on two key performance metrics, i.e., average vehicle delay and intersection throughput at isolated intersections under a CAV environment. We concentrate on Poisson arrival pattern and model the vehicle arrival as a discrete Markov process. With elaborate derivations using conditional expectation and computation of a higher order heterogeneous ordinary differential equation, the average vehicle delay is expressed as a function of Poisson intensity. The throughput can be derived based on a classic conclusion of rate stability. In addition, numerical simulation is conducted to verify correctness of the theoretical results of delay and throughput.
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