“Multiscale structural optimization” is assumed a next step to further optimize the unconventional ferroelectricity in HfO 2 for high-performance HfO 2 -based ferroelectrics and devices.
Abstract The scale-free ferroelectric polarization of fluorite M O 2 ( M = Hf, Zr) due to flat polar phonon bands are promising for nonvolatile memories. Defects are also widely introduced to improve the emergent ferroelectricity. However, their roles are still not fully understood at the atomic-level. Here, we report a significant effect of point-defect-driven flattening of polar phonon bands with more polar modes and polarization contribution in doped M O 2 . The polar phonon bands in La-doped M O 2 ( M = Hf, Zr) can be significantly flattened, compared with pure ones. However, the lower energy barrier with larger polarization of V O -only doped M O 2 compared with La-doped cases suggest that V O and local lattice distortion should be balanced for high-performance fluorite ferroelectricity. The work is believed to bridge the relation between point defects and the generally enhanced induced ferroelectricity in fluorite ferroelectrics at the atomic-level and inspire their further property optimization via defect-engineering.
Shrinkage cracking is a common phenomenon in soils and cementiously stabilized soils that often leads to water infiltration and eventually causes serious pavement distress. Drying shrinkage during evaporation of moisture is one of the main reasons for shrinkage cracking. This study proposes a methodology to investigate the cracking process during drying shrinkage using finite element analysis. The migration of moisture is analogized to heat transfer process and utilizing the similarity between the sets of differential equations and boundary conditions, the heat module in Abaqus finite element software is used to analyze the initiation and propagation of cracking during drying shrinkage. It is found that shrinkage cracking initiates due to moisture gradient from evaporation. Minor cracks also occurred and expanded during the drying process.
Shallow coal mining in gully regions has resulted in significant subsidence hazards and increased the risk of surface water inflow into mining panels, compromising the sustainability of surface water management and underground resource exploitation. In this study, the chain disaster process caused by shallow coal seam mining and heavy rainfall is quantitatively analyzed. The findings reveal that shallow coal seam mining leads to the formation of caved and fractured zones in the vertical direction of the overlying rock. The fractured zone can be further classified into a compression subsidence zone and a shear subsidence zone in the horizontal direction. The shear subsidence zone is responsible for generating compression and shear deformations, intercepting rainfall runoff, and potentially triggering landslides, necessitating crack landfill treatments, which are critical for promoting sustainable mining practices. The HEC-RAS program was utilized to integrate annual maximum daily rainfall data across different frequencies, enabling the establishment of a dynamic risk assessment model for barrier lakes. Numerical simulations based on unsaturated seepage theory provide insights into the infiltration and seepage behavior of rainfall in the study area, indicating a significant increase in saturation within lower gully terrain. Precipitation infiltration was found to enhance the saturation of the shallow rock mass, reducing matric suction in unsaturated areas. Finally, the disaster chain is discussed, and recommendations for managing different stages of risk are proposed. This study offers a valuable reference for the prevention and control of surface water damage under coal mining conditions in gully regions.
This paper describes practical procedures for determining the parameters of the cap plasticity model often used in finite element analyses to predict soil deformation. Past work on the use of this model, has however, been limited to either dry or fully saturated soils. Very often the prediction of deformation of pavement subgrades involves soils that are partially saturated and as such the parameters vary with moisture content. This study makes use of the recent advances in unsaturated soil mechanics to propose simple procedures to relate the cap‐model parameters to those data obtainable from soil tests. Test results reported on silty and clayey soils show that the moisture content variation affects the model parameters significantly.
This paper investigates a multi-antenna cache-enabled network with interference nulling (IN) employed at base stations. Two IN schemes, namely, the fixed IN scheme and the flexible IN scheme are considered to improve the received signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) at users. To thoroughly explore the effects of the caching parameter and the IN parameters on the network performance, we focus on the analysis of not only the successful transmission probability (STP) but the SIR meta distribution. For each IN scheme, the expression for the STP is derived and an approximated expression for the SIR meta distribution is also obtained by deriving the first and second moments of an upper bound of the link reliability and utilizing the beta distribution. With this analytical framework, we compare the performance of these two IN schemes and gain some useful system design guidelines from the perspectives of the STP and the SIR meta distribution by numerical simulations.
Cement stabilized soil bases have been used in flexible pavements in Louisiana for years. Soil cement has an excellent load carrying capacity and durability, but is also well-known for developing shrinkage cracks, which can reflect through asphalt concrete surfaces and accelerate the deterioration of asphalt pavements. Micro-cracking is a special reflective cracking mitigation technique used in cement-stabilized base construction. The objectives of the research were to determine the effectiveness and performance of micro-cracking on soil-cement pavements. Micro-cracking was applied on field projects, based on the experience of a previous micro-cracking research project at the Pavement Research Facility of the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development. Two pavement sites were selected for the field pavement rehabilitation projects, LA 1003 and LA 599, to test the micro-cracking technique. In-situ tests were conducted and pavement performance was monitored for both sites. It was found that an 8.5-in. micro-cracked soil cement pavement showed a similar or better early performance as compared to a non-micro-cracked soil cement pavement with regards to the overall cracking performance. On the other hand, more cracks were found on the micro-cracked test sections than the control sections when micro-cracking was applied on a 12-in. cement treated soil base in Louisiana. Analysis of the structural numbers did not show a significant difference between the control and micro-cracked sections. Further monitoring is recommended for both of the field projects.
The autonomous mission planning problem of space targets tracking with multi-satellite is studied in this paper. For effective evaluation of different candidate tracking resource combinations, a tracking performance evaluation model based on GDOP is proposed firstly, then a tracking priorities evaluation model for maneuverable dynamic targets is designed to autonomous evaluate and update the planning priorities during the tracking. To solve the problem of conflict resolution of tracking resources scheduling, the reinforcement learning algorithm is applied, considering of restricted computation resources onboard. A pointer network is utilized as the strategy model, with the tracking targets and corresponding priorities, the tracking performance evaluation of each potential candidate tracking resources combinations as input tensors, and the tracking tasks allocation of multi-satellites will be inferenced by the network accordingly. The actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm is selected for training. It is shown that the algorithm proposed can formulate better planning strategies than the heuristic method, which reduces the mean tracking error by 21% during the whole tracking process.