Introduction Chronic cervical radiculopathy is a common condition characterised by neck and arm pain, numbness and weakness. Both neck muscle activation and strengthening exercises are widely recognised treatments for cervical radiculopathy, but there is a research gap on the efficacy of neck muscle activation versus strengthening. This protocol will determine the efficacy of neck muscle activation alongside conventional care versus strengthening exercise and conventional care for cervical radiculopathy. Methods and analysis We planned a 5-week parallel, two-arm randomised clinical trial on 80 participants with chronic cervical radiculopathy (lasting over 3 months) between July and December 2023. Participants will be recruited from Dhaka’s Agrani Specialised Physiotherapy Centre in Bangladesh and randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. Both groups will receive 14 sessions, each lasting 30–45 min. Post-treatment evaluations will be employed on Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), range of motion, craniovertebral angle (CVA), strength, endurance and Neck Disability Index (NDI) after 5 weeks and follow-up after 12 weeks of post-test analysis. Primary outcomes (strength, endurance and CVA) will be measured using a handheld dynamometer, digital inclinometer and goniometer. Secondary outcomes (pain, range of motion and disability) will be assessed through the BPI scale, digital inclinometer and NDI. Ethics and dissemination The Institute of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation and Research of Bangladesh Physiotherapy Association has approved the study. All participants will provide informed consent, and data will be anonymised and accessible only to authorised personnel. The study’s findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Clinical trial registry India CTRI/2023/09/057587 (13/09/2023)
Currently some rural areas of Bangladesh are powered by diesel generators with fuel. To reduce dependence on fossil fuel and improve power system, the government is planning to enhance locally available renewable energy for power generation. Optimization of renewable hybrid energy system looks into the process of selecting and combining the best types of components and their sizing with appropriate operation strategy. This work is designed to presents an optimized technique of a multi-source hybrid energy system which includes renewable energy resources such as biomass, solar radiation as a primary resources and a battery tank which has been used to cover the emergency load demand and a diesel generator for backup. The HOMER software was employed to do the simulations for optimization of hybrid energy system to find out the finest, cost effective and environmentally viable energy system. A detailed feasibility study and techno-economic evaluation of a renewable solar–biomass hybrid system analysis, description and expected performance of the proposed system were presented. The developed biomass / solar / diesel hybrid energy system can supply electricity to the region under consideration at hourly average of a typical day of approximately 11KW. The optimal operation shows that the Cost of Energy (COE) of the system is $ 0.077/KWh where the quick rental power plant in Bangladesh can provide electric power at a rate of $ 0.097/KWh. Finally, a performance analysis on its load consumption and renewable energy resource was performed to evaluate the economic analysis and identify which variable has the greatest impact on the PV system.
Chromium (Cr) ions, discharging from different industrial activities, especially from leather tanning industries, are becoming a major threat for the environment and human health. Therefore, elimination of chromium ions from industrial effluents should be addressed with great attention. Hence, this study was conducted for evaluating the possibilities of using an agricultural waste "flax" to eliminate Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions. In order to assess the effects of various experimental parameters (i.e., contact time, pH, adsorbent amount, initial chromium ion concentration and particle size) on Cr (III) ions adsorption process, the batch adsorption study was conducted. This study revealed that adsorption of Cr (III) ions by flax required 420 min to reach equilibrium. On the other hand, the maximum (~70%) Cr (III) ions removal was observed at pH value of 2.0. The desorption efficiency with 0.5 M KOH was found to be 90%. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms models were in better correlation with experimental data, according to equilibrium studies. Kinetic experiments showed that the first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.01 min−1. Use of real wastewater sample became a great success for removing of Cr (III). This result suggests that the flax plant has the potentiality to become an effective and environmentally friendly economical adsorbent for the removal of Cr (III) ions significantly from waste water.
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