Background Emerging infectious diseases pose a significant threat to both human and animal populations. Rapid de novo identification of protective antigens from a clinical isolate and development of an antigen-matched vaccine is a golden strategy to prevent the spread of emerging novel pathogens. Methods Here, we focused on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , which poses a serious threat to the pig industry, and developed a general workflow by integrating proteosurfaceomics, secretomics, and BacScan technologies for the rapid de novo identification of bacterial protective proteins from a clinical isolate. Results As a proof of concept, we identified 3 novel protective proteins of A. pleuropneumoniae . Using the protective protein HBS1_14 and toxin proteins, we have developed a promising multivalent subunit vaccine against A. pleuropneumoniae . Discussion We believe that our strategy can be applied to any bacterial pathogen and has the potential to significantly accelerate the development of antigen-matched vaccines to prevent the spread of an emerging novel bacterial pathogen.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between pancreatic fat infiltration (PFI) and glucose metabolism disorder, β-cell function and insulin resistance in patients with obesity.Pancreatic fat fraction (PFF) was quantified by MRI IDEAL-IQ technique. PFF greater than 6.2 % was defined as PFI, and 34 obese patients were divided into PFI and non-PFI groups. The 5-point plasma glucose and insulin values during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were recorded. OGTT-derived indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function were calculated.Glucose values levels at 0-120 min during OGTT were significantly higher and β-cell function variables were lower in PFI group than non-PFI group. While indices of insulin resistance were not significantly different between two groups. Correlation analysis showed that PFF was positively correlated with glucose levels at 0, 30 and 60 min, negatively correlated with β-cell function variables and not significantly correlated with indices of insulin resistance. However, these associations of PFF with β-cell function and glucose levels were only present in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group but not in non-T2DM group.There is an association between PFI and impaired β-cell function, and increased pancreatic fat may be a potential risk factor for the development of T2DM.
Abstract Background Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose produced by cells to store energy and plays a key role in cancer. A previously reported fluorescent probe (CDg4) was shown to selectively bind glycogen in mouse embryonic stem cells, however the molecule was not evaluated in cancer cells. We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a dual-modality imaging probe based on CDg4, for positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence microscopy. Results A fluorine-18 radiolabelled derivative of CDg4, ( [ 18 F]5 ) for in vivo quantification of total glycogen levels in cancer cells was developed and synthesised in 170 min with a non-decay corrected radiochemical yield (RCY n.d.c) of 5.1 ± 0.9% ( n = 4) in > 98% radiochemical purity. Compound 5 and [ 18 F]5 were evaluated in vitro for their potential to bind glycogen, but only 5 showed accumulation by fluorescence microscopy. The accumulation of 5 was determined to be specific as fluorescent signal diminished upon the digestion of carbohydrate polymers with α-amylase. PET imaging in non-tumour bearing mice highlighted rapid hepato-biliary-intestinal elimination of [ 18 F]5 and almost complete metabolic degradation after 60 min in the liver, plasma and urine, confirmed by radioactive metabolite analysis. Conclusions Fluorescent compound 5 selectively accumulated in glycogen containing cancer cells, identified by fluorescence microscopy; however, rapid in vivo metabolic degradation precludes further investigation of [ 18 F]5 as a PET radiopharmaceutical.
Calcium carbonate, especially with nanostructure, has been considered as a good candidate material for bone regeneration due to its excellent biodegradability and osteoconductivity. In this study, rod-like calcium carbonate nanoparticles (Rod-CC NPs) with desired water dispersibility were achieved with the regulation of poly (acrylic acid). Characterization results revealed that the Rod-CC NPs had an average length of 240 nm, a width of 90 nm with an average aspect ratio of 2.60 and a negative ζ-potential of -22.25 ± 0.35 mV. The degradation study illustrated the nanoparticles degraded 23% at pH 7.4 and 45% at pH 5.6 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution within three months. When cultured with MC3T3-E1 cells, the Rod-CC NPs exhibited a positive effect on the proliferation of osteoblast cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays together with the osteocalcin (OCN) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression observations demonstrated the nanoparticles could induce the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Our study developed well-dispersed rod-like calcium carbonate nanoparticles which have great potential to be used in bone regeneration.
Searching for bioactive compounds from natural resources such as plant materials has become a focus for study. Several models, such as animal (biofluid, organ and tissue) and cellular (several kinds of cell lines), have traditionally been used for this purpose. As a fast, economic and effective way to identify or predict bioactive compounds in complex matrices, biochromatography has developed rapidly during the past years. Combing the properties of traditional chromatography and biomaterials, biochromatographic analysis possesses features of simultaneous screening, separation and structural identification for active compounds in a complex matrix. According to the process, biochromatography can be divided into offline and online approaches. For offline bioextraction, the biomaterials are used as the extraction phase and followed by routine chromatographic analysis. For online biochromatography, the biomaterials are directly used as the stationary phase for chromatographic analysis. This paper reviews the applications of offline bioextraction followed by chromatographic analysis and online biochromatography, including molecular, cell membrane and cell, and artificial biomembrane chromatography in the screening or predicting active compounds from natural sources.
In the present study, the anti-platelet aggregation activity of 14 vegetables and fruits was tested in vitro. The aqueous, 90% ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts, as well as concentrated juices of 14 foods (fruits and vegetables) were prepared, and the anti-platelet aggregation activity of those extracts was analyzed on a platelet aggregation analyzer in vitro with adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), bovine thrombin (THR) and arachidonic acid (AA) as aggregation inducers, respectively. Aspirin (ASP) was used as the positive control. A number of the tested foods had inhibitory effects in concentration-dependent manner on platelet aggregations induced by various agonists. Especially, some foods such as lemon, leek, garlic, scallion, ginger, tomato and grapefruit showed good anti-platelet aggregation effect similar or higher than that of positive control group i.e. aspirin (ASP). The results of present study provide scientific reference for reasonable selection of daily dietary with supplementary curative effects or prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
Event Abstract Back to Event Biomimetic fibronectin/mineral and osteogenic growth peptide/mineral composites synthesized on calcium phosphate thin film Cen Chen1, Chenxue Yao1*, Xiaoyuan Ren1*, Xiangdong Kong1* and In-Seop Lee1, 2* 1 Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, College of Life Sciences, China 2 Yonsei University, Institute of Natural Sciences, Korea Introduction: Hydroxyapatite (HA) and related calcium phosphates (CaPs) have good osteoconductive properties and bond to living bone through a carbonated hydroxyapatite layer formed on their surfaces. Although HA and CaPs coatings significantly enhance bond strength between tissues and implants, they have several potential drawbacks such as inhibition of osteoblasts in vitro and inadequate new bone formation at the healing site. Osteoinductive properties can be integrated into implants by immobilizing biomolecules to surfaces through processes such as adsorption, covalent binding and coprecipitation. The beauty of the coprecipitation is the ability to prepare mineral layers under mild conditions and the retention of biological activities of biomolecules. In addition, degradation of the precipitated mineral layers in vivo results in gradual exposure and controlled release of incorporated biomolecules. Materials and Methods: In this study, we developed nano-structured thin calcium phosphate films on titanium substrates and used the deposited films as active layers to biomimetically induce mineral layer by immersing the as-deposited samples in a simple DPBS containing CaCl2. Fibronectin (FN) and osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) were coprecipitated with minerals. The as-deposited thin calcium phosphate film, biomimetically grown mineral, FN/mineral, and OGP/mineral layers were systematically investigated by ATR-FTIR, SEM, and XRD. Cross-sections of OGP spatial distribution were viewed by confocal microscopy at an excitation wavelength of 488 nm. The mechanisms underlying the incorporation of biomolecules into the mineral layer were also investigated. Results and Discussion: minerals and biomolecule/mineral composites were evenly distributed on the entire surfaces of samples after 24 h in solution. Minerals exhibited plate-like, sharp edged and well-crystallized morphologies, while the FN/mineral and OGP/mineral composites were more rounded and exhibited less growth out of the substrate. The mineral or biomolecule/mineral layers were newly precipitated as two distinct layers, i.e., a dense sub layer of small and curved crystals, and a loose crystal layer that was grown from the under layer. The thicknesses of precipitated layers were 6.30, 3.75, and 4.32 μm for mineral, FN/mineral, and OGP/mineral samples, respectively. Side depth profile, which was obtained by stacking images through confocal microscopy, shows fluorescence throughout the precipitated layer. The patterns of mineral and OGP/mineral layers were indexed to a mixture of apatite and octacalcium phosphate (OCP). The XRD patterns of the FN/mineral coating were encountered with an exclusive apatite phase. The phases of OGP/mineral were partially transformed from OCP to apatite. The Rietveld refinement method provided reliable measurements of lattice parameter changes. The lattice parameter c of apatite was higher in the biomolecule/mineral samples than in the mineral samples. Compared to mineral samples, the lattice parameter a of apatite increased if FN was added to the DPBS, and decreased if OGP was added to the DPBS. Conclusion: FN/mineral and OGP/mineral composite layers were biomimetically induced on an active calcium phosphate thin film in a rapid and efficient manner. The biomimetic coprecipitation process allowed biomolecules to be incorporated throughout the mineral layer, and influenced its growth as well as its ultimate structure. The percentage of apatite in the precipitated layer increased when biomolecules were added to the DPBS solution. Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Republic of Korea (2012R1A1A2040717); National Natural Science Foundation of China (51272236, 51502265) Keywords: Biomimetic, Surface modification, Calcium phosphate, bioactive interface Conference: 10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Surface and interfacial characterization Citation: Chen C, Yao C, Ren X, Kong X and Lee I (2016). Biomimetic fibronectin/mineral and osteogenic growth peptide/mineral composites synthesized on calcium phosphate thin film. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.01998 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Mar 2016; Published Online: 30 Mar 2016. * Correspondence: Dr. Chenxue Yao, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, China, Email1 Dr. Xiaoyuan Ren, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, China, Email2 Dr. Xiangdong Kong, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, China, Email3 Dr. In-Seop Lee, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, College of Life Sciences, Hangzhou, China, Email4 Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Cen Chen Chenxue Yao Xiaoyuan Ren Xiangdong Kong In-Seop Lee Google Cen Chen Chenxue Yao Xiaoyuan Ren Xiangdong Kong In-Seop Lee Google Scholar Cen Chen Chenxue Yao Xiaoyuan Ren Xiangdong Kong In-Seop Lee PubMed Cen Chen Chenxue Yao Xiaoyuan Ren Xiangdong Kong In-Seop Lee Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)