Bartter's syndrome is a constellation of symptoms characterized by hyper‐reninemic hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, elevated renin and aldosterone, low or normal blood pressure, and hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. So far, five gene mutations in proteins regulating the sodium chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop have been described. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the presentation of hypomagnesemia in some of these patients remains unclear. Claudins are a family of transmembranous proteins within the tight junctions that have been shown to be important for the paracellular movement of ions. Mutations in claudin‐16 have been identified in patients with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. To test the hypothesis that mutations in claudin genes may be involved in the altered magnesium and calcium transport in Bartter's syndrome, we began to examine the genes of claudins known to be present in renal tubules in four pediatric patients with Bartter's syndrome. All four patients were African Americans with hypomagnesemia and hypercalciuria. In this study, we did not find any mutation in the coding regions of claudin‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐7, ‐8, ‐10, ‐11, or ‐16 genes in these patients. However, all patients had a single nucleotide substitution of C for T at the position of 451 of claudin‐8 gene sequence that changes amino acid residue from serine to proline at the position of 151 in the second extracellular domain of claudin‐8 protein. The significance of this known single nucleotide polymorphism remains to be determined.
【Objective】 To investigate the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects of thymoquinone on the human ovarian carcinoma model established by surgical orthotopic implantation(SOI) in nude mice.【Methods】 After 3 weeks of implantation,mice were randomized into 4 groups: Control group,fed with 1% ethanol;Low-dose thymoquinone group(L-TQ 5 mg/kgBW given daily by intragastric intubation);High-dose thymoquinone group(H-TQ 20 mg/kgBW given daily by intragastric intubation) and Paclitaxel group(PAC 100 mg/kgBW given twice/week by i.p.injection) with 10 mice each group.All treatment lasted for two weeks.Eight weeks after implantation,tumor weight,inhibition rate,and the presence of metastasis were evaluated respectively after the mice were sacrificed.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive expression of Ki-67,CD34 and MMP-9 in the tumors.【Results】 The tumor growth inhibitory rate of L-TQ group,H-TQ group and PAC group were 44.5%,59.4% and 64.2%,respectively.The rate of metastasis in L-TQ group,H-TQ group and PAC group were significantly lower than the rate in control group.The positive expression of Ki-67,CD34 and MMP-9 in the tumors of L-TQ group,H-TQ group and PAC group were significantly lower than those in control group.【Conclusion】 Thymoquinone has the anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects on the human pancreatic carcinoma in nude mice and those effects may be related to the down-regulation of CD34 and MMP-9.
Abstract Background and Aims Anti‐ Helicobacter pylori therapy may lead to the growth of pathogenic or antibiotic‐resistant bacteria in the gut. The study aimed to investigate the short‐term and long‐term impacts of H. pylori eradication with reverse hybrid therapy on the components and macrolide resistance of the gut microbiota. Methods Helicobacter pylori ‐related gastritis patients were administered a 14‐day reverse hybrid therapy. Fecal samples were collected before treatment and at the end of week 2, week 8, and week 48. The V3–V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in fecal specimens was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, amplification of erm (B) gene (encoding erythromycin resistance methylase) was performed. Results Reverse hybrid therapy resulted in decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes (from 62.0% to 30.7%; P < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (from 3.4% to 0.6%; 0.032) at the end of therapy. In contrast, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased from 10.2% to 49.1% (0.002). These microbiota alterations did not persist but returned to the initial levels at week 8 and week 48. The amount of erm (B) gene in fecal specimens was comparable with the pretreatment level at week 2 but increased at week 8 (0.025) and then returned to the pretreatment level by week 48. Conclusions Helicobacter pylori eradication with reverse hybrid therapy can lead to short‐term gut dysbiosis. The amount of erm (B) gene in the stool increased transiently after treatment and returned to the pretreatment level at 1‐year post‐treatment.
To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of the ulnar neurolysis and nerve anterior transposition with an immediate range of motion for the cubital tunnel syndrome in the aged.Forty-three patients (24 males and 19 females, aged 60-81 years, averaged 67) admitted for the cubital tunnel syndrome from January 1999 to December 2004 were randomly divided into 2 groups: Group A (n=20) and Group B (n=23), with an illness course of 2-10 months. All the patients underwent the ulnar neurolysis and the nerve anterior transposition. After operation the patients' elbows in group A were immobilized with the plaster slab for an external fixation for 3 weeks; the patients' elbows in group B did not use the external fixation, but began an immediate range of motion on the 2nd day after operation. The Bishop scoring system was used to evaluate the patients' functional recovery in the 2 groups.The follow-up for 1-5 years showed that the ulnar nerve function of all the patients were improved but no significant differences were found between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). The patients in Group A returned to daily activities or work at 45.2 +/- 5.1 days, but the patients in Group B required 15.5 +/- 3.8 days, with a significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). According to Bishop scoring system, the results were excellent in 14 cases, good in 4 cases, fair in 1 case and poor in 1 case in Group A, and 16, 4, 2 and 1 respectively in Group B. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).The ulnar neurolysis and nerve anterior transposition with an immediate range of motion for the cubital tunnel syndrome can promote the ulnar function recovery of the old-aged patients. They can return to their daily activities or work at a more rapid speed when their elbows are mobilized immediately after operation.
Abstract Background Heterotopic pregnancy occurred after frozen embryo transfer with two D3 embryos, and the case had a history of bilateral salpingectomy due to salpingocyesis. An ectopic heterotopic pregnancy was implanted in the left psoas major muscle, which has not been previously reported. Case presentation A 33-year-old woman presented with left back pain after curettage due to foetal arrest in the uterus without vaginal bleeding and spotting, and painkillers relieved the pain initially. When the painkillers ceased to work, the patient returned to the hospital. The β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level remained increased compared with the time of curettage, and a diagnosis of retroperitoneal abdominal pregnancy was suggested by ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) with the gestational sac implanted in the left psoas major muscle at the left hilum level. Laparotomy was performed to remove the ectopic pregnancy. During the operation, we carefully separated the adipose tissue between the space of the left kidney door and left psoas major muscle, peeled away the gestational sac that was approximately 50 mm × 40 mm with a 25-mm-long foetal bud, and gave a local injection of 10 mg of methotrexate in the psoas major muscle. Fifty days later, β-hCG decreased to normal levels. Conclusion It is necessary to pay more attention to the main complaints to exclude rare types of ectopic pregnancies of the pelvis and abdomen after embryo transfer.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(60)'/%3e%3ccircle r='17' fill='%23000095'/%3e%3ccircle r='15' fill='%23fff'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)