In this paper, we propose an efficient flow for the analysis and co-design of large 3D power distribution networks (3D PDN). In this flow, the network is modeled in frequency domain and thus can take advantage of parallel computing. The proposed flow significantly reduces the CPU time while obtaining accurate results as compared to commercial simulation tools. In the established 3D PDN model, we incorporate the on-chip voltage regulator module (VRM) and effect of on-chip inductance. The impact of each design parameter of the 3D PDN on simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is investigated based on the model.
The chloroplast genome of plants is known for its small size and low mutation and recombination rates, making it a valuable tool in plant phylogeny, molecular evolution, and population genetics studies. Codon usage bias, an important evolutionary feature, provides insights into species evolution, gene function, and the expression of exogenous genes. Coffee, a key crop in the global tropical agricultural economy, trade, and daily life, warrants investigation into its codon usage bias to guide future research, including the selection of efficient heterologous expression systems for coffee genetic transformation.Analysis of the codon utilization patterns in the chloroplast genomes of three Coffea species revealed a high degree of similarity among them. All three species exhibited similar base compositions, with high A/T content and low G/C content and a preference for A/T-ending codons. Among the 30 high-frequency codons identified, 96.67% had A/T endings. Fourteen codons were identified as ideal. Multiple mechanisms, including natural selection, were found to influence the codon usage patterns in the three coffee species, as indicated by ENc-GC3s mapping, PR2 analysis, and neutral analysis. Nicotiana tabacum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have potential value as the heterologous expression host for three species of coffee genes.This study highlights the remarkable similarity in codon usage patterns among the three coffee genomes, primarily driven by natural selection. Understanding the gene expression characteristics of coffee and elucidating the laws governing its genetic evolution are facilitated by investigating the codon preferences in these species. The findings can enhance the efficacy of exogenous gene expression and serve as a basis for future studies on coffee evolution.
In this paper, we develop a parametric model method and simulate the deployment mechanism of inflatable antenna structures. Different folded methods are developed for the primary members of inflatable antenna structures, which include inflatable tubes, an inflatable torus, a reflector etc. The unstressed configuration and the folded configuration of these members are modeled parametrically using the developed folded methods. A simulation software is developed for the deployment mechanism of inflatable structures by the improved spring-mass system. The driving forces in the deployment process, i.e. the gas pressure and the moment of the fold hinges, are analyzed for each member. During the development process, self-contact or collision with the membrane occurs. A rule for identifying self-contact elements is applied, and a penalty function method is developed to solve this challenging problem. Finally, the equation of motion is solved using finite difference method. The developed simulation software is validated by simulating a cylindrical inflatable tube that is folded in half, and the simulation agrees well with the experiment. The deployment mechanism of the antenna model similar to that for the Inflatable Antenna Experiment (IAE) is modeled, analyzed and estimated. The deployed configurations and the dynamic parameters of each node are obtained. The numerical simulation results show that the simulation software for the deployment mechanism can correctly predict the deployment process of inflatable antenna structures.
Measuring the acetone content of exhaled breath can reflect changes in blood sugar in the body. Therefore, it is of great value to develop gas sensitive materials for detecting acetone gas effectively. In this paper, by adding SnO2 to In2O3. composite In2O3/SnO2 microspheres were prepared. Using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, PL and UV technology, the microstructure morphology and optical properties of In2O3/SnO2 were measured. The experimental results showed that the composite retained the advantages of In2O3 and SnO2 optimized the properties of the composite effectively, and reduced the photoluminescence intensity. The gas sensitive properties of In2O3/SnO2 composite samples were tested. The test results showed that compared with pure In2O3 samples, the optimal working temperature of In2O3/SnO2 was reduced by 30℃ to 250 ℃. The response value to acetone gas is increased to about 35. In addition, In2O3/SnO2 sensors also achieve good selectivity excellent moisture resistance. long-term stability. These results show that the heterojunction of SnO2 and In2O3 can be used as an excellent sensor for detecting acetone gas.
During the driving process in expressway, the vehicle carrying efficiency is influenced by many factors. However, in the existing researches on microscopic traffic flow, there is a lack of evaluation index system and corresponding calculation, so it is necessary to choose appropriate indicators and evaluation methods to calculate the vehicle carrying efficiency comprehensively. Therefore, in this paper, we establish a cellular automata model of the three-lane expressway and select multiple parameters that influence the vehicle carrying efficiency, which includes three input indicators: vehicle travel time, vehicle fuel consumption, vehicle emission, and two output indicators: vehicle average speed and vehicle ridership. Meanwhile, the data envelopment analysis is used to calculate the vehicle carrying efficiency under different maximum speed limits. From the simulation results, the traffic condition of vehicles is analyzed and corresponding improvement strategies are proposed, which have certain research significance for the traffic management department to formulate reasonable management measures.
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