Objective To investigate the efficacy of minimally invasive treatment of humeral multi-fractures with a locking compression plate through the anterior humeral approach. Methods From March 2005 to October 2008, 22 cases of unstable humeral multi-fractures were treated by the above method.Of them, 12 were injured in a traffic accident and 10 in daily life. There were 13 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 63.4 (ranging from 46 to 78) years. The left side was involved in 7cases, and the right side was involved in 14 cases. According to X-rays, 11 were fractures of humeral shaft and proximal humerus, 8 were fractures of humeral shaft and distal humerus, 2 were fractures of humeral shaft and proximal humerus and shoulder dislocation, and one case was fractures of humeral shaft, proximal and distal humerus and shoulder dislocation. Of them, 2 had emergency treatment of the injured radial nerve and internal fixation with Philos plate. Results The mean operative time was 107.9 min(range, 78 ～ 150 min ), and operative blood loss was 274 mL (range, 110 ～ 450 mL). In this group, 20 patients were followed up for 8 to 22 (average, 9. 4)months. All these patients had bone healing in 8 to 16 (average, 11.5) weeks. By Neer evaluation system,12 cases were rated as excellent, 5 as good, and 3 as fine, with the excellent-to-good rate being 85.0%. The function of elbow was rated by HSS as excellent in 16 cases and good in 4, with the excellent-to-good rate being 100%. Conclusion Minimally invasive treatment with a locking compression plate through anterior humeral approach is an effective and safe method for treating the humeral multi-fractures.
Key words:
Humeral fractures; Fracture fixation, internal; Surgical procedures, minimally invasive; Internal fixator
Abstract Each year, 1.3 billion tons of food is lost due to spoilage or loss in the supply chain, accounting for approximately one third of global food production. This requires a manufacturer to provide accurate information on the shelf life of the food in each stage. Various models for monitoring food quality have been developed and applied to predict food shelf life. This review classified shelf life models and detailed the application background and characteristics of commonly used models to better understand the different uses and aspects of the commonly used models. In particular, the structural framework, application mechanisms, and numerical relationships of commonly used models were elaborated. In addition, the study focused on the application of commonly used models in the food field. Besides predicting the freshness index and remaining shelf life of food, the study addressed aspects such as food classification (maturity and damage) and content prediction. Finally, further promotion of shelf life models in the food field, use of multivariate analysis methods, and development of new models were foreseen. More reliable transportation, processing, and packaging methods could be screened out based on real‐time food quality monitoring.
Microplastic (MP) transport patterns under open channel shear flow remain unclear. This study investigates the transport laws of MPs at various flow velocities, MP densities, sizes and concentrations in the U-shaped experimental flume and the numerical flume based on Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM). The results indicate that the average horizontal particle velocity and the transport distances of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Polystyrene (PS) particles increase with the average cross-sectional flow velocity, while the average vertical particle velocity decreases with it. The total average particle velocity closely matches the average vertical particle velocity, regardless of the variation in MP size, density and concentration. Formula-based analysis reveals that the acceleration of spherical MP transport mainly depends on the particle size and its consequent relative drag force term (RDFT) under the conditions with a single type of MP particles, but on the particle density and its consequent RDFT and relative gravity term (RGT) in the case concerning different types of MP particles with identical particle sizes. The average horizontal particle velocity maximum of PVC and PS are both strongly correlated with the average flow velocity maximum in the cross-section. This correlation lowers with the MP particle size and concentration, and is independent of MP density. Our findings can provide reference for the prevention and control of MP pollution in rivers.
To investigate the effectiveness of minimally invasive plate fixation in treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.Between May 2006 and December 2009, 21 patients with unstable pelvic fractures were treated. There were 13 males and 8 females with an average age of 39 years (range, 21-66 years). The causes of injury included traffic accident in 9 cases, falling from height in 6 cases, and heavy pound injury in 6 cases. The time from injury to hospitalization was 1 to 4 hours with an average of 2.8 hours. According to Tile's classification, there were 12 cases of type B and 9 cases of type C. After admission, bone traction and exo fixation were performed, and minimally invasive plate fixation was given at 5-24 days after injury.All incisions healed by first intention, and no complications of nerve and vessel injuries occurred. According to the reduction criteria of Matta radiography, anatomic reduction was achieved in 16 cases, satisfactory reduction in 4 cases, and fair reduction in 1 case. All patients were followed up 12 months. The X-ray films showed all fractures healed at 2-4 months (mean, 2.6 months). According to Majeed clinical evaluation, the results were excellent in 12 cases, good in 7 cases, and fair in 2 cases.Minimally invasive plate fixation can provide effective fixation, reconstruct pelvic ring, and reduce perioperative complications in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.
Lower respiratory tract infections are common in children. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid has long been established as the best biological sample for detecting respiratory tract infections; however, it is not easily collected in children. Sputum may be used as an alternative yet its diagnostic accuracy remains controversial. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of sputum for detecting lower respiratory tract infections using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Paired sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were obtained from 68 patients; pathogens were detected in 67 sputum samples and 64 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples by metagenomic next-generation sequencing, respectively. The combined pathogen-detection rates in the sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were 80.90% and 66.2%, respectively. For sputum, the positive predictive values (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) for detecting bacteria were 0.72 and 0.73, respectively, with poor Kappa agreement (0.30; 95% confidence interval: 0.218-0.578, P < 0.001). However, viral detection in sputum had good sensitivity (0.87), fair specificity (0.57), and moderate Kappa agreement (0.46; 95% confidence interval: 0.231-0.693, P < 0.001). The PPVs and NPVs for viral detection in sputum were 0.82 and 0.67, respectively. The consistency between the sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was poor for bacterial detection yet moderate for viral detection. Thus, clinicians should be cautious when interpreting the results of sputum in suspected cases of lower respiratory tract infections, particularly with regards to bacterial detection in sputum. Viral detection in sputum appears to be more reliable; however, clinicians must still use comprehensive clinical judgment.
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