Traditional methods for algae removal in drinking water treatment, such as coagulation and sedimentation, face challenges due to the negative charge on algae cells' surfaces, resulting in ineffective removal. Ultrasonic cavitation has shown promise in enhancing coagulation performance by disrupting extracellular polymer structures and improving cyanobacteria removal through various mechanisms like shear force and free radical reactions. However, the short lifespan and limited mass transfer distance of free radicals in conventional ultrasonic treatment lead to high energy consumption, limiting widespread application. To overcome these limitations and enhance energy efficiency, advanced carbon-based materials were developed and tested. Nitrogen-doped functional groups on nanodiamond surfaces were found to boost sonosensitivity by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species at the sonosensitizer-water interface. Utilizing low-power ultrasound (0.12 W/mL) in combination with N-ND treatment for 5 minutes, removal rates of Microcystis aeruginosa cells in water exceeded 90%, with enhanced removal of algal organic matters and microcystins in water. Visualization through confocal microscopy highlighted the role of positively charged nitrogen-doped nanodiamonds in aggregating algae cells. The synergy between cell capturing and catalysis of N-ND indicates that efficient mass transfer of free radicals from the sonosensitizer's surface to the microalgae's surface is critical for promoting cyanobacteria floc formation. This study underscores the potential of employing a low-intensity ultrasound and N-ND system in effectively improving algae removal in water treatment processes.
Optical interconnects exhibit superior potential in the precise regulation of photon transmission for organic photonic circuits. However, the rational design of well-defined organic heterostructures toward active optoelectronics remains challenging. Herein, we designed organic branched heterostructures (OBHs) with accurate spatial organization for optical interconnection. Notably, the precise regulation of OBHs has been controllably achieved including the trunk morphologies and the branched microwire number. Significantly, these as-prepared OBHs inherently exhibit the multichannel coupling outputs and the excitation position-dependent waveguide characteristics, leading to various outcoupling signals with tunable intensity and emission colors. The optical interconnects are realized due to the occurrence of exciton conversion and photon propagation between branch and trunk at the heterojunction, benefiting the application possibilities of two-dimensional (2D) optical barcodes.
Abstract Organic multilayer heterostructures with accurate spatial organization demonstrate strong light‐matter interaction from excitonic responses and efficient carrier transfer across heterojunction interfaces, which are considered as promising candidates toward advanced optoelectronics. However, the precise regulation of the heterojunction surface area for finely adjusting exciton conversion and energy transfer is still formidable. Herein, organic bilayer heterostructures (OBHs) with controlled face‐to‐face heterojunction via a stepwise seeded growth strategy, which is favorable for efficient exciton propagation and conversion of optical interconnects are designed and synthesized. Notably, the relative position and overlap length ratio of component microwires ( L DSA / L BPEA = 0.39–1.15) in OBHs are accurately regulated by modulating the crystallization time of seeded crystals, resulting into a tailored heterojunction surface area ( R = L overlap / L BPEA = 37.6%–65.3%). These as‐prepared OBHs present the excitation position‐dependent waveguide behaviors for optical outcoupling characteristics with tunable emission colors and intensities, which are applied into two‐dimensional (2D) photonic barcodes. This strategy opens a versatile avenue to purposely design OBHs with tailored heterojunctions for efficient energy transfer and exciton conversion, facilitating the application possibilities of advanced integrated optoelectronics.
Abstract In this paper, [Ni 0.9 Co 0.1 ](OH) 2 precursor is used to dope H 3 BO 3 to synthesize positive electrode material when mixing lithium in wet method, and to explore the best doping by testing the microscopic morphology and electrochemical performance of the positive electrode material amount and calcination temperature. After doping with B, the microstructure of the material is improved, and the primary crystal grains are oriented and agglomerated into a needle shape. This good crystal structure can slow down the generation of grain microcracks and mechanical fracture, and improve the cycle stability of the positive electrode material. After doping B, the discharge specific capacity was slightly improved. When the calcination temperature is 750 °C and the doping amount of B is 1.0 mol%, the first discharge specific capacity reaches 223 mAh g −1 . More importantly, the capacity retention rate of the battery after 100 cycles has been greatly improved, from 74 % without doping B to 87 %.
The controlled preparation of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials exhibiting heterojunction structures based on nontoxic and economical transition metal oxides represents breakthroughs in the electrochemistry field. Herein, flowerlike CuO/Au nanoparticles that have 2D nanomaterial characteristics and excellent glucose sensing performance were prepared by microwave hydrothermal synthesis of sea urchinlike CuO and subsequent self-generated acid etching of the sea urchinlike CuO in the presence of HAuCl4 and NaBH4. HAuCl4 was not only the reactant for the authigenic acid etching, but also the raw material for the heterojunction structure. Upon the acid etching, Au nanoparticles with an average size of 15 nm were uniformly distributed on the surface of CuO nanoflakes. Benefiting from a large specific surface area and low electron transfer resistance, the flowerlike CuO/Au nanoparticles were excellent electrode modification materials: glucose sensors based on the glassy carbon electrodes modified by the flowerlike CuO/Au nanoparticles demonstrated high sensitivity (2455 μA·mM–1·cm–2), wide detection range (0.01–12 mM), low detection limit (0.53 μM), good stability, good reproducibility, and good selectivity. The green and economical authigenic acid etching method presented in this study exemplifies the controlled preparation of 2D nanomaterials with specific properties.
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the third most common cardiovascular disease. Its clinical therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory due to the high rate of postthrombotic syndrome. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of miRNAs in DVT. Therefore, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with DVT and explored their effects and underlying mechanism on endothelial cell (EC) injury.Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified via microRNA sequencing and verified using real-time quantitative PCR. The biological function of miR-181c-5p in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) injury stimulated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) was investigated. The target gene of miR-181c-5p was analyzed using bioinformatics and verified via dual-luciferase reporter assay.miRNA sequencing showed that miR-181c-5p was downregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with DVT. Furthermore, miR-181c-5p had a high clinical diagnostic value for DVT by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. An in vitro cell model of EC injury, miR-181c-5p, was repressed in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs. Enhancing miR-181c-5p expression could alleviate the inhibition cell viability, cell apoptosis, raising ROS and MDA production, the reducing SOD level, and the elevated levels of thrombosis-related factor, ET-1 and vWF induced by ox-LDL. Further analysis revealed that FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (FOS) is a target of miR-181c-5p and could antagonize the protective role of miR-181c-5p in ox-LDL-induced HUVEC injury.Our research demonstrated that miR-181c-5p could attenuate ox-LDL-induced EC injury and thrombosis-related factor expression by negatively regulating FOS. These findings suggest that the miR-181c-5p/FOS axis is a promising therapeutic target for DVT.
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