As the container shipping which is a complex logistics system is affected by a variety of unpredictable disturbances, a cooperative optimization model of berth and speed is proposed to realize the coordination between port and shipping line. Regarding the total port time of vessels as the objective, a discrete berth allocation model is established. Based on a nonlinear relationship between fuel consumption and speed, a speed optimization model for the vessel is also established, and the fuel consumption during the port time is introduced to improve it. To integrate the berth allocation and the speed optimization, a dynamic negotiation mechanism for port and vessels based on the speed is designed. The simulation experiments verify that the coordination proposed can reduce both the influence of disturbance and the fuel consumption.
Blockchain is a promising infrastructure for the internet and digital economy, but it has serious scalability problems, that is, long block synchronization time and high storage cost. Conventional coarse-grained data deduplication schemes (block or file level) are proved to be ineffective on improving the scalability of blockchains. Based on comprehensive analysis on typical blockchain workloads, we propose two new locality concepts (economic and argument locality) and a novel fine-grained data deduplication scheme (transaction level) named Alias-Chain. Specifically, Alias-Chain replaces frequently used data, for example, smart contract arguments, with much shorter aliases to reduce the block sizes, which results in both shorter synchronization time and lower storage cost. Furthermore, to solve the potential consistency issue in Alias-Chain, we propose two complementary techniques: one is generating aliases from history blocks with high consistency, and the other is speeding up the generation of aliases via a specific algorithm. Our simulation results show: (1) the average transfer and SC-call transaction (a transaction used to call the smart contracts in the blockchain) sizes can be significantly reduced by up to 11.03% and 79.44% in native Ethereum, and up to 39.29% and 81.84% in Ethereum optimized by state-of-the-art techniques; and (2) the two complementary techniques well address the inconsistency risk with very limited impact on the benefit of Alias-Chain. Prototyping-based experiments are further conducted on a testbed consisting of up to 3200 miners. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of Alias-Chain on reducing block synchronization time and storage cost under typical real-world workloads.
Abstract The characteristics of power electronic controlled sources are reflected at both ends of the AC line applied to the integration of long-distance wind farms into the MMC-HVDC converter station, and the fault characteristics of the system have undergone fundamental changes. For the doubly-fed wind power AC transmission line with a modular multilevel converter, the short-circuit current characteristics provided by the power supply at both ends of the line lead to the inadaptability of longitudinal differential protection. In view of the significant difference in the complexity of the short-circuit current component provided by the doubly-fed wind power and the converter at both ends of the AC transmission line, a line pilot protection idea based on the complexity of the current component is proposed. The complexity of the current component is characterized by singular entropy theory, and then the singular entropy algorithm and its scheme for pilot protection are constructed. A refined electromagnetic transient model of MMC-HVDC for doubly-fed wind farms is built in PSCAD for simulation verification. The simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly and reliably identify various types of internal and external faults, and solve the problem of incorrect action of traditional protection in this scenario. In addition, the scheme is not affected by fault type, location, or transition resistance.
This paper addresses the problem of optimal scheduling of combined dual-arm wafer fabrication equipment which may take its two mechanical arms as temporary buffers during manufacturing process. Firstly, the mathematical model is proposed to describe the problem of the optimal scheduling of the mechanical arms and processing cavities of the combined dual-arm wafer fabrication equipment. The model takes minimizing the average processing time for each wafer as its objective. Then, a heuristic algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Finally, this paper employs some data cases which come from practical production of wafer to verify the validity of the algorithm and the method. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the combined wafer manufacturing equipment can be increased greatly through taking its two mechanical arms as temporary buffers.
Fluid management remains a critical challenge in the treatment of septic shock, with individualized approaches lacking. This study aims to develop a statistical model based on transcriptomics to identify subgroups of septic shock patients with varied responses to fluid strategy. The study encompasses 494 septic shock patients. A benefit score is derived from the transcriptome space, with higher values indicating greater benefits from restrictive fluid strategy. Adherence to the recommended strategy is associated with a hazard ratio of 0.82 (95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.92). When applied to the baseline hospital mortality rate of 16%, adherence to the recommended fluid strategy could potentially lower this rate to 13%. A proteomic signature comprising six proteins is developed to predict the benefit score, yielding an area under the curve of 0.802 (95% confidence interval: 0.752–0.846) in classifying patients who may benefit from a restrictive strategy. In this work, we develop a proteomic signature with potential utility in guiding fluid strategy for septic shock patients. Fluid management in septic shock lacks personalized approaches, which are critical for improving patient outcomes. Here, the authors show that a proteomic signature can help identify patients who may benefit from a restrictive fluid strategy, potentially reducing hospital mortality rates.
As the disruptions of various uncertainties, the actual arrival times of vessels to be served in container terminals often deviate from the estimated ones. To improve the robustness of the plan for container terminal, an integrated scheduling strategy is proposed through the real-time scheduling of berths and quay cranes during berthing period. The real-time scheduling includes two stages that the as soon as possible strategy and the negotiation mechanism based on contract network protocol are adopted to make full use of berths and quay cranes along the wharf. The simulation shows that the berth plan with real-time scheduling of berths and quay cranes proposed can obviously diminish the effects from uncertainty and improve the stability of system performance.
Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) canonically delivers amino acyl tRNA to the ribosomal A site during the elongation stage of protein biosynthesis. Yet paradoxically, the oncogenic nature of this instrumental protein has long been recognized. Consistently, eEF1A has proven to be targeted by a wide assortment of small molecules with excellent anticancer activity, among which plitidepsin has been granted approval for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Meanwhile, metarrestin is currently under clinical development for metastatic cancers. Bearing these exciting advances in mind, it would be desirable to present a systematic up-to-date account of the title topic, which, to the best of our knowledge, has thus far been unavailable in the literature. The present review summarizes recent advances in eEF1A-targeting anticancer agents, both naturally occurring and synthetically crafted, with regard to their discovery or design, target identification, structure–activity relationship, and mode of action. Their structural diversity and differential eEF1A-targeting mechanisms warrant continuing research in pursuit of curing eEF1A-driven malignancy.
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