In the present study seventeen genotypes of vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata cv-gr. Sesquipedalis) collected from different places in the country were evaluated for different horticultural traits for genetic variation, character association, cause-effect analysis and genetic diversity was measured among the genotypes through D2 statistics. All the eight characters under study differed significantly among the genotypes. High to moderate GCV and PCV values were found for number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, pod weight, number of seeds per pod and pod length. Higher estimates of broad sense heritability coupled with higher genetic advance for number of pods per plant, pod yield per plant, pod weight, number of seeds per pod and pod length. Association studies revealed that genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than their phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the cases. From the correlation and path analysis, it can be concluded that emphasis should be given on number of pods per plant and pod weight for selecting high yielding genotypes. Based on the degree of divergence the genotypes were grouped into seven clusters. The top three characters which contributed most towards the genetic divergence were number of seeds per pod, pod yield per plant and pod weight. Cluster II had genotypes with high pod productivity, while the genotypes in Cluster III flowered much earlier. Crossing between genotypes within these groups could produce highly productive and early maturing cowpea genotypes.
Abstract Improving yield and ensuring its sustainability under adverse conditions through resistant hybrids is the major objective of heterosis breeding in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). A study was undertaken to determine gene action, heterobeltiosis, and combining ability for 15 characters through a Line × Tester mating design in okra. Nonadditive gene action controlled all characters studied. Crosses showing high specific combining ability (sca) and yield involved parents showing high general combining ability for plant height, number of nodes on the main stem, number of leaves per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and number of fruits per plant. Parental lines and hybrids were categorized according to disease reaction. The hybrids 'VNR Green' × 'Shagun' and 'Barsha Laxmi' × 'Parbhani Kranti' were selected on the basis of their mean (per se) performance, heterosis manifested in them, and sca effects. These hybrids could be used commercially due to high yield and low percentage disease index values for yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV) disease. Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus Combining abilityGene actionHeterosisIndia Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Bijendra Singh, Project Coordinator, AICRP on Vegetable Crops, ICAR, New Delhi, India, for providing financial assistance to carry out this experiment.
In the current investigation, 50 okra genotypes were grouped into 9 clusters by treating estimated D2 values as the square of the generalized distance. Among the 9 clusters, cluster II had the highest intra-cluster value (74.77) followed by Cluster I (67.14), and the highest inter-cluster value was noticed between Cluster VII and IX (167.97) followed by Cluster II and IX (152.31). The maximum contribution towards divergence was shown by the characters like PDI of OELCV at 90 DAS (23.53 %), PDI of YVMV at 90 DAS (17.22), fruit length (9.27), days to 1st blooming (9.00 %) and the internodal length (7.69 %). The PCA was carried out to get a simplified view of the relationship between the attributes. From the PCA plot of PC1 vs. PC2 (Dim1 vs Dim2), selection may be refined considering all 8 principal components, with Punjab 8 being the best-performing cultivar having an optimum combination of all variables including OELCV and BYVMV disease tolerance. Seven diverse genotypes were selected based on yield potentiality, disease tolerance, multivariate analysis, and PCA.
The tomato, an essential food for humans, is frequently referred to as "protective food" since it contains abundant quantities of vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds and organic acids. Prevalence of tomato leaf curl virus is a major hindrance for successful production of tomatoes in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. Besides, tomato fruit is highly perishable and vulnerable to significant post-harvest losses. So, genetic improvement for resistance to tomato leaf curl virus, enhancement of shelf life, fruit quality, and productivity helps in sustainable production of this important vegetable crop. The present study aimed at determining combining ability effects of parents and gene action for conditioning 8 quantitative traits through line × tester analysis. Three ripening delaying mutants having longer shelf life of fruits were employed as lines and 7 leaf curl virus resistant genotypes possessing specific tomato leaf curl virus resistant gene (s) (Ty-2, Ty-3, ty-5) singly or in combination were selected as testers in line x tester mating design. Non-additive gene action was predominant for the conditioning of most of the traits. Partial to over-dominance reaction in the inheritance of most of the traits amply suggested the importance of hybrid breeding strategy for improvement of tomato. Three ripening delaying mutants (BCT-111 rin, BCT-nor and BCT-Nr) and the tomato leaf curl resistant line AVTO1422 (Ty-2, Ty-3) emerged as the potential donors for future breeding programme. The hybrids BCT-111 rin × AVTO1422, BCT-nor × AVTO1422 and BCT-Nr × AVTO1422 emerged as most promising based on combining ability studies and mean performance. These hybrids could be utilized commercially after critical testing in multiple environments or could also be advanced further for isolation of desirable recombinant lines.
Aims: The current study was carried out to examine the impact of humic-acid-based bio-stimulant (liquid formulation) ‘Humetsu’ on growth and yield attributes of potato variety Kufri Chipsona-4. Study Design: The study used a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and 8 treatments. Place and Duration of Study: The existing experiment was worked out at Teaching Farm, College of Agriculture under BCKV, Burdwan Sadar during Rabi, 2019-20 and Rabi, 2020-21. Methodology: The test product humic-acid based bio-stimulant (liquid formulation) ‘Humetsu’ was used for seed treatment at the rate of 5 ml/kg tuber before sowing of potato and 2.5 ml /L water was sprayed treatment-wise as per protocol using a water volume of 500 liters per ha with knapsack sprayer fitted with flat fan deflector nozzle in potato. Results: The results elucidated that significantly maximum plant emergence, number of branches per plant and increased available N, P, K and Organic carbon (OC) in both years were recorded in treatment T4 (100% NPK + 3 application of ‘Humetsu’ (Seed treatment at the rate of 5 ml/kg of tuber and 2 foliar sprays at the rate 2.5ml L-1 water at 30 DAS & 55 DAS). The highest plant height, TSS (%), and fewer days to harvest were found in treatment T7 (80% NPK + 3 application of ‘Humetsu’ (Seed treatment at the rate 5ml/kg of tuber and 2 foliar sprays at the rate 2.5ml L-1 water at 30 DAS & 55 DAS) followed by treatment T4, T5, and T6. The maximum number of tubers per plant, total tuber yield, and marketable tuber yield were noticed in the treatment T7 during both years. The highest microbial population in the soil was noticed in the T7 during both the years. On the other hand, the least plant height, TSS (%), plant emergence, number of tubers per plant, total tuber yield, marketable yield per ha, more days to harvest, and the least microbial population in soil were observed in (control) treatment (T8) during both the years. Conclusion: Application of 80% NPK + 3 application of ‘Humetsu’ (Seed treatment at the rate 5ml/kg of tuber and 2 foliar sprays at the rate 2.5ml l-1 water at 30 DAS& 55 DAS) has a significant impact in yield of potato with 20% reduction of the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers.
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