This paper introduces a magnifying lens group base on actual conditions. It is can be used in the detecting system to gate the magnified image of the energy distribution of the transmission light through the fiber. The magnification of the lens group is about eight. Image is received by a CCD. The lens is designed by using the software ZEMAX. The paper introduces the process of the lens designing. It analyses with great emphasis the error witch includes the primary aberration balance, installation accuracy and other influencing factor of the whole system.
To explore the extract methods of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus), the extracts were prepared with Coca's solution, lysis solution of two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis and Trizol reagent respectively. In protein concentration assay, BCA reagents were used. The protein concentrations in the extracts by different methods were: lysis solution Trizol reagent Coca's solution. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was done with these different extracts. The experiment results were: 1) many protein spots at low molecular weight (MW) in extract with Coca's solution method; 2) more protein spots at low MW in extract with lysis solution method; 3) several medium MW protein spots(e. g. 174-178ku ) and more low MW protein spots in extract with Trizol reagent. There are five peculiar proteins in every 2D map in our experiment (twelve times) with Trizol reagent. There were low protein concentration and less protein spots with Coca's extract. There were few protein spots at medium MW with lysis solution though they have higher protein concentration. It was shown that Trizol reagent extracted more protein components of D. pteronyssinus PMB than that by Coca's solution and lysis solution. The five peculiar proteins in 2D map with Trizol was reagent considered as one of finger printing of D. pteronyssinus PMB in 2D electrophoresis map.
In this work, 532 nm laser was used as the pump source and pressurized ethane was used as Raman active medium; 631.3 nm first Stokes (S1) and 776.0 nm second Stokes (S2) Raman lasers were generated. By the optimization of ethane pressure and focus lens, S2 and backwards first Stokes Raman conversion could be reduced, while the conversion of S1 could be improved. Under 2.0 MPa ethane and focal length of 1.5 m, the maximum S1 conversion efficiency of 84.5% was achieved. Up to 68.7 mJ S1 Raman laser was obtained, and the corresponding peak power is 17.2 MW. By the comparison of the threshold of methane Raman laser, Raman gain coefficients of ethane were estimated to be 0.50×10-12 m/W at 0.5 MPa and 0.76 ×10-12 m/W at 1.4 MPa ethane respectively.
The fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows (FSMVRPTW) is an important extended type of vehicle routing problem, and it has been proved to be a NP-hard problem in combinatorial optimization, which is difficult or impossible to obtain optimal solutions in large-scale cases. A four-step improved simulated annealing algorithm is proposed, which obtains a good initial solution through the construction of the first three steps and introduces four local search operators to iterate in the fourth step. To evaluate its performance, we test it with Solomon's VRPTW benchmark problems. The computational results demonstrate that the high -quality solutions can be obtained by using the new algorithm within an accepted computational time.
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is an efficient nonlinear frequency conversion method which can obtain red, green and blue (RGB) lasers simultaneously. In order to synthesize a white light source for laser display by SRS, a 532 nm laser was used as pump source, and high purity gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as the Raman active medium. Firstly, by the optimization of experimental parameters, when a single f = 1.5 m focal lens was used and 304 mJ pump energy was applied, a first-order anti-Stokes (AS1) 495 nm blue laser was achieved in 0.8 atm CO2, with energy of 31.9 mJ, peak power of 10.9 MW and conversion efficiency (CE) of 10.5%. Then, the second-order Stokes light (S2), the residual pump light (S0) and the AS1 light were used as RGB three-primary colors (624, 532, and 495 nm). By the variation of pressure below 1 atmosphere (atm), the laser-driven white lights (LDWLs) with adjustable correlated color temperature (CCT) below 4700 K could be obtained. Finally, up to 2.6 × 1018 cd/m2 LDWL (3300 K) could be synthesized at a RGB power ratio of PR: PR: PB = 0.447:0.094:0.459, the corresponding white light power CE is 44. 9%, and the luminous efficacy is 114.9 lm/W. In addition, the use of yellow Raman light (574 nm) is expected to realize a four-primary (RGBY) laser display scheme with higher Luminance and broader color gamut. Moreover, the feasibility of using a 515 nm Yb: YAG laser as pump source to widen the range of CCT and improve the brightness of LDWL was discussed.
Laser-induced breakdown (LIB) and the competition of other Raman processes are major reasons restricting photon conversion efficiency (PCE) of Raman lasers. In this work, 1064 nm was used as the pump source, and stimulated rotational Raman scattering of hydrogen was investigated. The configuration of zooming out and focusing pump beam was applied, and the dimension of the pump beam at the focus spot increased significantly; consequently, LIB was suppressed, and Raman PCE was improved dramatically. With the help of the Raman gas pressure optimization, vibrational Raman could be fully suppressed, and other competition Raman processes could be well controlled. The optimal PCEs of different rotational Raman lasers could be achieved under different conditions. The maximum PCE of the first rotational Stokes (RS1) was improved to 60.7%, and the maximum energy of RS1 reached 204.5 mJ. With the increment of hydrogen pressure, the maximum PCE of the second rotational Stokes (RS2) was improved to 28.2%, and the maximum energy of RS2 reached 123.9 mJ. Furthermore, a 2.1 µm Raman laser was also generated, the maximum PCE of 2.1 µm reached 44.8%, and its pulse energy reached 106.1 mJ.
A dual-objective optimization method based on MOGA-Ⅱ genetic algorithm is proposed for the ratio of power train to be matched reasonably to the drive motor of pure electric vehicle. Drive motor and power battery of power train are matched for a two-speed pure electric vehicle based on the vehicle parameters and design requirements. The GT-drive vehicle simulation models are built to analyze and validate the rationality of the matching. The transmission ratios are optimized by multi-objective optimization software mode FRONTIER. The results show that the driving range of a single charge and initial acceleration time is increased by 5. 5% and 2. 9% respectively by optimization.
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