Objective: To research the self-blood pressure measurement condition and recognize affecting elements among adults in Shaanxi Province.Methods: From July to November 2018, 6202 adult residents in Shaanxi Province were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method, and investigations of residents included body measurements as well as questionnaires.SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the blood pressure measurement and identify correlation factors of adult residents in Shaanxi Province.All rates were weighted.Result: The blood pressure measurement rate of adult residents in Shaanxi Province was 62.12%.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that men (OR=0.59,95%CI: 0.44~0.81)and rural residents (OR= 0.72, 95%CI: 0.55~0.95)were less likely to have blood pressure measurements.Residents with older age (35~49 years old: OR = 1.48, 95%CI: 1.06~2.06;50~64 years old: OR=2.01, 95%CI: 1.46~2.76;65 years old and above: OR=3.09, 95%CI: 2.17~4.40),drinking (OR=1.94,95%CI: 1.37~2.73),People with a previous diagnosis of hypertension (OR=14.24,95%CI: 9.04~22.43)and people with a previous diagnosis of dyslipidemia (OR=2.83,95%CI: 1.71~4.71)were more likely to measure blood pressure.Conclusion: Residents ≥18 years old in Shaanxi province pay insufficient attention to their own blood pressure and the frequency of blood pressure measurement behavior needs to be improved.Therefore, diversified hypertension prevention and control education should be carried out for the whole population to promote regular blood pressure measurement in key populations.
To investigate trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension and their demographic determinants in Shaanxi Province. Six successive cross-sectional surveys on non-communicable chronic diseases and their risk factors were conducted between 2004 and 2018 in Shaanxi. Complex multistage stratified sampling was adopted to select participants. The information was collected through face-to-face interviews and on-site health examinations. Changes in hypertension prevalence and its management across survey years were estimated. Demographics associated with hypertension prevalence and its management was explored by multivariable logistic regression using pooled data from 2004 to 2018. The prevalence of hypertension increased from 16.71% in 2004 to 31.96% in 2018 with an estimated increase of 1.09% (95% CI 0.31-1.87) per year. However, the rate of awareness, treatment and control among these with hypertension was unexpectedly low and there were no significant change from 2004 to 2018. The corresponding changes were - 0.08% (95% CI - 0.85-0.69) per year for awareness, - 0.06% (95% CI - 1.11-1.00) per year for treatment, and - 0.23% (95% CI - 0.53-0.07) per year for control, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed the same trend. Adults who were old, male, divorced/Widowed/Separated, retired were more likely to develop hypertension. Among these with hypertension, those who were more educated and retired were more likely to manage their hypertension compared with their counterparts. The overall hypertension prevalence from 2004 to 2018 increased rapidly, while awareness, treatment and control of hypertension remained unexpectedly low. This suggested urgent intervention should be implemented to improve hypertension control in Shaanxi Province.
This epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and associated risk factors in Chinese subjects from Dehui in northeastern China. Using a random sampling method, a questionnaire was completed by 3785 permanent residents aged 18-72 years and relevant clinical data were collected from each subject. Binary multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors that were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. Based on the International Diabetes Federation definition, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 22.4%, which is higher than that of the general Chinese population. Metabolic syndrome occurred more frequently in females and the prevalence gradually increased with age. Living in an urban setting and being female, > 50 years old, overweight, having total cholesterol ≥ 5.18 mmol/l, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 3.1 mmol/l, and a fatty liver were significant risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome.
Abstract Objectives Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) is closely associated with HBV‐related hepatocarcinogenesis via the inactivation of tumour suppressors. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) regulatory subunit B56 gamma (B56γ), as a tumour suppressor, plays a critical role in regulating cellular phosphorylation signals via dephosphorylation of signalling proteins. However, the underlying mechanism that B56γ involved in regulating HBx‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis phenotypes and mediating anti‐HBx antibody‐mediated tumour suppression remains unknown. Materials and Methods We used bioinformatics analysis, paired HCC patient specimens, HBx transgenic (HBx‐Tg) mice, xenograft nude mice, HBV stable replication in the HepG2.2.15 cells, and anti‐HBx antibody intervention to systematically evaluate the biological function of protein kinase B (AKT) dephosphorylation through B56γ in HBx‐associated hepatocarcinogenesis. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that AKT, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9 were markedly upregulated, while cell migration and viral carcinogenesis pathways were activated in HBV‐infected liver tissues and HBV‐associated HCC tissues. Our results demonstrated that HBx‐expression promotes AKT phosphorylation (p‐AKT Thr308/Ser473 ), mediating the migration and invasion phenotypes in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, in clinical samples, HBx and B56γ were downregulated in HBV‐associated HCC tumour tissues compared with peritumor tissues. Moreover, intervention with site‐directed mutagenesis (AKT T308A , AKT S473A ) of p‐AKT Thr308/Ser473 mimics dephosphorylation, genetics‐based B56γ overexpression, and intracellular anti‐HBx antibody inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion in HBx‐expressing HCC cells. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that B56γ inhibited HBV/HBx‐dependent hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating the dephosphorylation of p‐AKT Thr308/Ser473 in HCC cells. The intracellular anti‐HBx antibody and the activator of B56γ may provide a multipattern chemopreventive strategy against HBV‐related HCC.
Abstract Background Behavioral risk factors (BRFs) and biological risk factors contribute majorly to the development of non-communicable chronic diseases. We aimed to explore the covariation, cluster and distribution of risk behaviors in northwest China. Material/Methods Multistage clustering sampling was adopted to select participants for the survey. We obtained the data and investigate the prevalence and clustering pattern (mean number of risk factors) of eight risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases, including four behavioral risk factors (smoking, drinking, consumption of fruit and vegetables, physical activity) and four biological risk factors (overweight and obesity, raised blood pressure, raised fasting blood glucose and raised total serum cholesterol). Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to investigate the independent demographic and socioeconomic covariates of clustering of the eight risk factors.Results The prevalence of eight risk factors in northwest China were found: insufficient fruit and vegetable intake,59.82%; overweight and obesity, 46.82%; raised blood pressure, 30.88%; Current smoking, 28.21%; physical inactivity, 24.63%; raised total serum cholesterol, 20.96%; raised blood glucose, 4.27% and harmful use of alcohol, 2.16%. 64.73% of the Chinese in northwest China had two or more risk factors. Being a male, old, living in rural areas, having a lower education level and being separated, divorced or widowed all tends to have more BRFs. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases among residents in northwest China. Public health interventions are needed to reduce these risk factors and ought to target those who are male, old, poorly educated and live in rural areas.
To explore YMDD and HBeAg related mutations of hepatitis B virus and its clinical significance during lamivudine therapy.From sera of chronic hepatitis B patients with 9 - 30 months lamivudine therapy, signal-base mutations of YMDD motif, G1896A, A1814C, A1762T and G1764A were analyzed by gene chips technique.In the 102 patients with 18 months in average of lamivudine treatment, 22 were found to have YMDD mutations, including 8 with YMDD and HBeAg related mutants. 3 of the 8 patients had G1896A mutant, 2 had A1814C and the remaining had G1896A + A1814C, A1762T and G1764A, A1762T and G1764A + G1896A. The former 5 patients and signal YMDD mutant patients were HBeAg positive, while the latter 3 with YMDD and HBeAg related multiple mutants were HBeAg negative. One of the three patients with multiple mutants who continued lamivudine treatment 3 months more reversed to YMDD wide-type HBV with accompanying positive HBeAg.Mutant of YMDD associated with HBeAg related multiple mutations during lamivudine treatment may arise in patients with HBV DNA breakthrough and negative HBeAg. HBV DNA should be detected in the patients with HBeAg seroconversion to exclude the HBeAg related multiple mutations.
Preterm birth is a common cause of death in newborns and may result from many determinants, but evidence for the socioeconomic and environmental determinants of preterm birth in Tibetan women of childbearing age is limited. The aim of this study was to understand the current status of preterm birth in native Tibetan women and investigate the socioeconomic and environmental determinants.Data were drawn from a cohort study which was conducted from August 2006 to August 2012 in rural Lhasa, Tibet, China. A total of 1419 Tibetan pregnant women were followed from 20 weeks' gestation until delivery; the loss to follow-up rate was 4.69%. The incidence of preterm birth was estimated to show the status of preterm births in Tibet. Logistic regression models for longitudinal data were established, and odds ratios (ORs) together with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the association between the occurrence of preterm birth and 16 selected potential determinants based on the hierarchical conceptual frame.The incidence of preterm birth was 4.58% (95% CI = 3.55-5.80%). After adjusting for health-related variables of the mothers and newborns, socioeconomic and environmental determinants associated with preterm birth included season (spring: OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09-0.84; autumn: OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.06-0.69; and winter: OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12-0.82) and calendar year of delivery (2010: OR = 5.03, 95% CI = 1.24-20.35; 2009: OR = 6.62, 95% CI = 1.75-25.10; and 2007-2008: OR = 5.93, 95% CI = 1.47-23.90).The incidence of preterm birth among native Tibetan women was low and there was a decreasing trend in recent years; however, it is still essential to strengthen seasonal maternal care, extend the spacing between pregnancies, and reinforce adequate maternal nutrition.
To explore the effects of genetic factors on the occurrence of allergic rhinitis (AR).The morbidity rate of AR was surveyed by multistage sampling among 95 300 individuals (23,825 families) in Natong region, Jiangsu province. And a genetic epidemiologic investigation on AR was carried out to estimate the segregation ratio and heritability (h2) of AR by the methods of Li-Mantel-Gart and Falconer respectively.The morbidity rate of AR in Natong region was 1.20% (Male 1.21%, Female 1.18%, no statistical significance between them); By the data of the AR ancestry, the segregation ratio of AR in Nantong region was 0.078, significantly less than 0.25, and the genetic model belonged to polygenetics. The 1st, the 2nd, and the 3rd generation h2 of AR were (82.6 +/- 2.19)%, (80.8 +/- 2.93)%, (78.4 +/- 7.04)%. The h2 of AR was (81.86 +/- 1.70)%. In the ancestry of AR, the morbidity rate of the 1st generation with AR was 12.11%; the 2nd generation with AR was 5.12%; the 3rd generation with AR was 2.75%; and the morbidity rate of AR in general population was 1.20%.The heredity in family with AR is obvious. Several genes plus the environmental factors may cause AR, which accords with the characteristics of the polygene heredity disease.
The aim of this study was to investigate the patterns of health care seeking behavior and to identify the influential factors of the same behavior among community level tuberculosis (TB) suspects in Wuhan city, and to provide an appropriate method and relevant references to increase the detection rate for TB. We followed a cluster proportional sampling procedure to select the four study communities (clusters), a total of 5878 people above 15 years old. Subjects with continuous sputum coughing for more than two weeks, or subjects, who were found to be hemoptysis and with blood sputum, six months prior to the survey were included as research subjects, whom would be participants of an interview with questionnaires and receive X-ray examination, three sputum smear and sputum culture check from May to July in 2010. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of health care seeking behavior among TB suspects. A total of 270 cases of TB suspects were interviewed and 259 questionnaires were eligible. 79 cases (30.5%) did not seek any health care, 86 cases (33.2%) have sought medical assistance from primary health care centers or general hospitals, 89 cases (34.4%) self-medicated, while 5 cases (1.9%), consulted a private practitioner. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of health insurance (odd ratio (OR)=3.405, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.018 to 11.392) was relevant to the formal visitation of TB suspects; the difference was significant (P<0.05). With the severe or chronic respiratory symptom (OR=4.959, 95%CI=2.548 to 9.652), no stigmatization (OR=2.528, 95%CI=1.317 to 4.853) were relevant to the formal visitation of TB suspects; the difference was highly significant (P<0.01). The proportion of TB suspects who had actively sought health care was low. The health insurance, severe or chronic respiratory symptom and stigmatization were the main influential factors upon heath care seeking behavior among community level TB suspects.
Key words: Tuberculosis, suspects, health care seeking behavior
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