Abstract Head and neck cancer is the 7th most common cancer in the world and the primary treatment is surgical resection. Optical probes have shown great potential for application in image‐guided surgery to delineate tumor margins more accurately. Special biomarkers that are aberrant in tumors are considered in tumor‐targeting strategies. Targeted fluorescent probes can enable accurate visualization of tumor margins with appropriate targeting strategies, thereby providing better sensitivity and specificity. In this review, the preclinical evidence on optical probes that have been developed with specific targeting strategies is summarized and challenges in the clinical translation of novel targeted fluorescent probes are discussed.
Abstract The desorption characteristics of CO2 are directly related to the time allocation and tower size design during adsorption process, but there is a lack of studies on CO2 desorption characteristics of on molecular sieves under different regeneration conditions. In order to analyze the factors (adsorbents and operation conditions) influence CO2 desorption efficiency and explore adsorbents regeneration characteristics, combining with adsorbents framework structure, this article tracked performance of CO2 desorption on zeolite-A, X and CMS-240 under different heating temperature, purging speed and vacuum pressure. It was found that CMS-240 without crystal structure could realize ideal CO2 desorption performance under all regeneration conditions. And for 13X, 5A and 4A molecular sieves with octahedral structure, better regeneration effect could be realized under heating conditions and vacuum 100 KPa, pore-network size contributes more than cation type and position during this process. Besides, for purging regeneration process, the total amount of blowing gas determines adsorbent regeneration rate rather than a single factor of time or gas velocity.
Abstract Understanding the impact of the excited state wavefunction confinement is crucial for the engineering of the photophysical properties and applications of organic chromophores. In the present contribution, the localization of the triplet state wavefunctions of some symmetric ethyne/butadiyne bridged BODIPY dimers and asymmetric BODIPY derivatives presenting extended π‐conjugation frameworks is studied with time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and time‐dependent density functional theory computations. Based on the Zero Field Splitting D parameters, we conclude that the triplet state wavefunctions are highly localized on one BODIPY unit in the symmetric dimers, which is consistent with the ab initio modelling that finds delocalized triplet state destabilized by 12–14 kcal mol −1 as compared to its localized counterpart. The result provides a new insight into the study of triplet excited state confinement and the design of molecular wires or photosensitizers for photovoltaics and photocatalysis.
Abstract The scarcity of effective neuroprotective agents and the presence of blood‐brain barrier (BBB)‐mediated extremely inefficient intracerebral drug delivery are predominant obstacles to the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). Herein, ROS‐responsive borneol‐based amphiphilic polymeric NPs are constructed by using traditional Chinese medicine borneol as functional blocks that served as surface brain‐targeting ligand, inner hydrophobic core for efficient drug loading of membrane‐permeable calcium chelator BAPTA‐AM, and neuroprotective structural component. In MCAO mice, the nanoformulation (polymer: 3.2 mg·kg −1 , BAPTA‐AM: 400 µg·kg −1 ) reversibly opened the BBB and achieved high brain biodistribution up to 12.7%ID/g of the total administered dose after 3 h post single injection, effectively restoring intracellular Ca 2+ and redox homeostasis, improving cerebral histopathology, and inhibiting mitochondrial PI3K/Akt/Bcl‐2/Bax/Cyto‐C/Caspase‐3,9 apoptosis pathway for rescuing dying neurons (reduced apoptosis cell from 59.5% to 7.9%). It also remodeled the inflammatory microenvironment in cerebral ischemic penumbra by inhibiting astrocyte over‐activation, reprogramming microglia polarization toward an anti‐inflammatory phenotype, and blocking NF‐κB/TNF‐ α /IL‐6 signaling pathways. These interventions eventually reduced the cerebral infarction area by 96.3%, significantly improved neurological function, and restored blood flow reperfusion from 66.2% to ≈100%, all while facilitating BBB repair and avoiding brain edema. This provides a potentially effective multiple‐stage sequential treatment strategy for clinical CIS.
A new 2X5 type of piezoelectric insulin-C peptide micro-array immunosensor was developed for the determination of insulin and C peptide. The energy converters were 10 MHz AT-cut quartz crystals with gold-coated electrodes. The monoclonal antibodies of insulin and C peptide were immobilized onto the surfaces of crystals gold electrodes respectively, then piezoelectric insulin-C peptide micro-array im-munosensor was constructed by 2 X 5 type of immobilization clamping apparatus. The effects of methods, work concentrations, the amount and coherence of immobilization of antibody and the response parameters of the micro-array immunosensor such as temperature, time-cost and specificity etc. were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental results showed piezoelectric immunosensor had good re-sponse to insulin and C peptide whose frequency shifts were linearly dependent on insulin concentration in the range of 2. 5-160. 0 mlU/L and C peptide concentration in the range of 0. 375-12- 0 ng/mL. The piezoelectric micro-array immunosensor were used to detect insulin and C peptide in serum, the analytical results given by this approach were in satisfactory agreement with those given by radiometric immunoassay (P>0. 05), with correlation coefficients 0. 92 and 0- 94. The piezoelectric micro-array immunosensor for the determination of insulin and C peptide is of high sensitivity, high specificity, low density micro-array structure, high analysis speed, unnecessary labelling, simple operation, real-time detection and repeated use, etc.. It is suitable for detecting insulin and C peptide of serum in clinical laboratory.
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