The popularity of video learning is rising quickly as non-face-to-face learning becomes more commonplace. So, using the concepts of subgoals and self-monitoring, this study created video content and evaluated the success of it. A self-report survey measuring the pre-scores and post-scores of learners' video engagement, class interest, class anxiety, self-efficacy, and academic achievement was carried out before and after the experiment to assess the efficacy of the intended video material. The efficiency of the video content was examined using descriptive statistics and Paired Samples t-test on the information gathered from 20 students enrolled in University S. The findings revealed two main trends. First, the pretest scores for video engagement, class interest, and self-efficacy factors improved in comparison to the posttest scores, and the class anxiety score reduced because of learning the prepared video content. Second, it was discovered that using subgoals and self-monitoring concepts in video content improved learners' understanding of what they were learning. These conclusions lead to suggestions for video design in online video-based learning.
We construct a posteriori error estimator for the approximations to solutions of linear parabolic equations. We consider discretizations of the problem by backward Euler schemes in time and mixed finite element methods in space. Especially, mixed finite element spaces are permitted to change at different time levels in order to efficiently deal with problems with localized phenomena, such as shocks, sharp fronts or layers which move as time changes. Applying elliptic reconstruction idea, introduced in [1], to the mixed method, we derive a posteriori estimates which yields global upper bounds in time and space with the norms of L ∞ (0, T; L₂(Ω)) and L₂(0, T; L₂(Ω)) for the scalar function and the flux, respectively. We also derive a posteriori error estimates for time discretizations by modified Crank-Nicolson methods. By introducing proper Crank-Nicolson reconstructions corresponding to the mixed method, we get estimators having known rates of convergence in time.
The pseudostress-velocity formulation of the stationary Stokes problem allows a Raviart–Thomas mixed finite element formulation with quasi-optimal convergence and some superconvergent reconstruction of the velocity. This local postprocessing gives rise to some averaging a posteriori error estimator with explicit constants for reliable error control. Standard residual-based explicit a posteriori error estimation is shown to be reliable and efficient and motivates adaptive mesh-refining algorithms. Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical findings and illustrate the accuracy of the guaranteed upper error bounds even with reduced regularity.
Abstract : A bunch of asphalt roads have been damaged frequently in relation to the rapid climate change. To solve and prevent this type of problems, many nationalities in the world have performed various researches. In this regard, the objective of this study is to develop prediction model as to the number of potholes occurred in seoul. At the same time, we have utilized empirical and statistical approaches in order for us to identify factors which is affecting the actual occurrence. The predictive model was determinded by using BHS (Basic Harmony Search) algorithm. Prediction was based on the weather and traffic data as well as data occurrence data of porthole. To assess the influences which are PAR(Pitch Adjusting Rate) and HMCR(Harmony Memory Considering Rate), we determined suitability by changing the values. In the process of the determining a predictive model, the predictive model composed Training data (2011, 2012 and 2013yrs data). To determine the suitability of the model, we have utilized Testing Set (2009 and 2010 yrs data). The suitability of the basic prediction model has been from RMSE(Root Mean Squared Error), MAE(Mean Absolute Error) and Coefficient of determination.
We propose and analyze two-scale product approximation for semilinear heat equations in the mixed finite element method. In order to efficiently resolve nonlinear algebraic equations resulting from the mixed method for semilinear parabolic problems, we treat the nonlinear terms using some interpolation operator and exploit a two-scale grid algorithm. With this scheme, the nonlinear problem is reduced to a linear problem on a fine scale mesh without losing overall accuracy of the final system. We derive optimal order $L^{\infty}((0, T];L^2({\Omega}))$-error estimates for the relevant variables. Numerical results are presented to support the theory developed in this paper.
In this paper we present a posteriori error estimators for the approximate solutions of linear parabolic equations. We consider discretizations of the problem by discontinuous Galerkin method in time corresponding to variant Crank-Nicolson schemes and continuous Galerkin method in space. Especially, ￡nite element spaces are permitted to change at different time levels. Exploiting Crank-Nicolson reconstruction idea introduced by Akrivis, Makridakis & Nochetto [1], we derive space-time a posteriori error estimators of second order in time for variant Crank-Nicolson-Galerkin ￡nite element methods.
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