Objective:To study the significance of the Y chromosome azoospermia factor AZF(azoospermia factor)for the detection of gene diagnosis of male infertility causes of importent.Methods:268 patients were tested for the six reproductive hormone testing,semen detection and conventional karyotype analysis.215 normal karyotypes were selected according to the results of the analysis and were divided into four groups:azoospermia group,serious oligospermatism group,oligospermia group and other groups(including recurrent spontaneous abortion and cryptorchidism or severe varicocele patients).Multi-PCR technology was used in testing AZFgenes.Results:In 215 patients,15 cases showed different sites of AZF gene deletion;6 depetion in azoospermia group(14.6%),9 in serious oligospermia(13.8%)and no depletion was found in the other groups.The depletion rates of azoospermia and severe oligospermia groups had significant difference when compared with that of the other groups(P0.05).Conclusion:Y chromosome microdeletions germ is one of the important reasons of serious importence.AZF gene screening is a simple and effective primary diagnosis of azoospermia and severe oligospermia.
Additional file 2 Table S1 Primers used for HRM and KASP genotyping analysis. Table S2 List of plant materials investigated in this study. Table S3 Total cpDNA and mtDNA variant data.
【Objective】Effect of light quality on the characteristics of light energy utilization and photosynthesis in leaves was studied in order to provide theoretic references for shading ginger at seedling stage.【Method】The diurnal changes of chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic characteristics and photorespiration in leaves of ginger cv. Laiwu grown in tunnel where light intensity was the same but light quality was different by covering with different colored plastic film and colorless nylon net at seedling stage. 【Result】Though the diurnal variation of chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of different treatments was similar, the maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII reaction centers (Fv’/Fm’), quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSⅡ), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI) of leaves treated with green film was the highest, followed by blue, white or red film in turn. In contrast, green, blue, white or red film induced the relative deviation (β/α-1) from full balance between two photosystems and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) increased in turn. The daily changing pattern of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in leaves of different treatments was two-peak-type, the values with green film treatment was the highest, followed by white, red or blue film in order from high to low, while that of photorespiration (Pr) and Pr/Pn was reverse. Red film induced the highest apparent quantum yield (AQY) and the lowest compensation point (LCP). In parallel, green film induced the highest carboxylation efficiency (CE) and maximum regeneration rate of RuBP as well as the maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax)【.Conclusion】Increasing the ratio of green light in light quality could reduce the photoinhibition, make the correspondence of transferring electron between PSI and PSII well, decrease heat dissipation of excitation energy, enhance the light energy utilization efficiency. Therefore the capacity of adapting to high light intensity in ginger leaves covered with green film isstrong, and Pn is high.
We present a novel method to accurately measure the galaxy stellar mass function (GSMF) based upon the Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC) method developed in our first paper (Paper I) of the series. The method allows us to measure the GSMF to a lower mass end that is not accessible to the spectroscopic sample used in the PAC. Compared with Paper I, the current measurement of GSMF is direct and model independent. We measure the GSMFs in the redshift ranges of $z_s<0.2$, $0.210^{10.6} M_{\odot}$, and that there is a clear up-turn at $M_*\approx 10^{9.5} M_{\odot}$ towards smaller galaxies in the local GMSF at $z_s=0.1$. We provide an accurate double Schechter fit to the local GSMF for the entire range of $M_*$ and a table of our measurements at the three redshifts, which can used to test theories of galaxy formation. Our method can achieve an accurate measurement of GSMF to the stellar mass limit where the spectroscopic sample is already highly incomplete (e.g. $\sim 10^{-3}$) for its target selection.
Resonant metasurfaces provide a promising solution to overcome the limitations of nonlinear materials in nature by enhancing the interaction between light and matter and amplifying optical nonlinearity. In this paper, we design an aluminum (Al) metasurface that supports surface lattice resonance (SLR) with less nanoparticle filling density but more prominent saturable absorption effects, in comparison to a counterpart that supports localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). In detail, the SLR metasurface exhibits a narrower resonance linewidth and a greater near-field enhancement, leading to a more significant modulation depth (9.6%) at a low incident fluence of 25 μJ / cm 2 . As an application example, we have further achieved wavelength-tunable Q -switched pulse generation from 1020 to 1048 nm by incorporating the SLR-based Al metasurface as a passive saturable absorber (SA) in a polarization-maintaining ytterbium-doped fiber laser. Typically, the Q -switched pulse with a repetition rate of 33.7 kHz, pulse width of 2.1 μs, pulse energy of 141.7 nJ, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of greater than 40 dB at the fundamental frequency can be obtained. In addition, we have investigated the effects of pump power and central wavelength of the filter on the repetition rate and pulse width of output pulses, respectively. In spite of demonstration of only using the Al metasurface to achieve a passive Q -switched fiber laser, our work offers an alternative scheme to build planar, lightweight, and broadband SA devices that could find emerging applications from ultrafast optics to neuromorphic photonics, considering the fast dynamics, CMOS-compatible fabrication, and decent nonlinear optical response of Al-material-based nanoplasmonics.
Supplementary Data from Discovery, Preclinical Characterization, and Early Clinical Activity of JDQ443, a Structurally Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Oral Inhibitor of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup>
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