In order to maintain high network QoS (quality of service) against new high-distributed low-rate QoS violation, this paper proposes a novel recognition scheme with the consideration of multiple network features in both macro and micro side. This scheme uses Multi-stream Fused Hidden Markov Model (MF-HMM) in automatic low-rate QoS violation recognition for integrating multi-features simultaneously. The multi-features include the I-I-P triple and TCP header control Flag in a data packet at a micro level, and R feature in network flow at a macro level. In addition, based on the successful experience of Load-Shedding, Kaufman algorithm is used to adjust and upgrade threshold value dynamically. Our experiments show that our approach effectively reduces false-positive rate and false-negative rate. Moreover, it has a high recognition rate specifically for new QoS violation by High-Distributed Low-rate Denial of Service attacks.
In real-time video transmission, Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC) are often used to combat packet loss in wireless networks, but different strategies address different network environments. For example, FEC has low latency but takes up extra bandwidth; ARQ takes up less bandwidth but has high latency and is suitable for networks with low Round-Trip Time (RTT) in ultra-low latency.requirements In ultra-low latency video transmission, traditional fixed-mode-based strategies are not applicable and lack consideration of resource utilization. This paper proposes an adaptive anti-packet loss strategy for real-time video streaming(RV-ALS). The anti-packet loss strategy is adaptively adjusted according to the current network state, the feedback packet loss rate, and service traffic at the receiver. Firstly, a delay constraint model for the RV-ALS is developed to derive the number of retransmissions under the target delay. Secondly, we adjust the strategy according to the variable network state to ensure that the real-time video transmission is high quality and does not consume additional bandwidth and resources. Finally, we implement the proposed RV-ALS strategy on a testbed built on the ultra-low latency transmission protocol SRT. The experimental results show that, compared with existing anti-packet loss strategies, this strategy can meet the delay constraint with a lower packet loss rate than traditional anti-packet loss strategies, and the video quality is optimal. In particular, the RV-ALS strategy can reduce the number of redundant packets by nearly half compared to the HARQ strategy in the actual testbed.
The language services industry merits investigation, given its increasingly significant role and rapid development in China and even around the world. This paper gives a brief look at the global picture and a close look at the status quo in China. While in the global market, language services tend to be diversified and technology will be the common denominator to success, in China, despite the rapid growth in recent years, the market leaves much to be desired when it comes to technology, language diversity, high-end talent development, and overall competitiveness. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes some measures for China’s language services providers to catch up with their international counterparts and for China’s language services industry to achieve sustainable development.
The clinical effect of Yupingfeng (YPF) has been confirmed in asthma patients, however, it lacks a study to verify its pharmacological mechanism. To reveal the molecular basis and potential pharmacological mechanism of YPF in the treatment of asthma. First, a systems pharmacology-based method integrating pharmacokinetic screening, target prediction, network analyses, GO and KEGG analyses were used for the systematic deciphering of the mechanism of YPF in asthma. Second, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between asthma patients and healthy controls were identified by GEO2R online tool. Third, based on systems pharmacology and DEGs results, molecular docking was performed utilizing the Discovery Studio 2020 Client version to detect the binding capacity between compounds and targets. Finally, ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged C57BL/6 mice were treated with YPF or its effective compound to assess the predictions. A total of 35 active compounds were filtered out, with 87 potential targets being identified for further analysis after target fishing and matching. Quercetin, kaempferol, and wogonin were identified as the main ingredients in YPF. The signaling pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-17 were identified as the top signaling pathways in KEGG enrichment analysis. GEO2R tools of NCBI discovered five DEGs that overlapped with the therapeutic targets of YPF. Wogonin was proven to be the top active compound in YPF through the results of molecular docking. In vivo experiments indicated that YPF and wogonin significantly attenuated airway resistance and lung inflammation by decreasing the levels of inflammatory cytokines and key factors in PI3K/AKT, IL-17, and TNF signaling pathways. YPF and its main active compound wogonin may exert some therapeutic effects on asthma inflammation through multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, IL-17 and TNF-α.
Architecture is the key technology of System-of-Systems (SoS). Aiming at the problem of the "Huge System" with large-scale network based on military information system for joint operation and command, the new architecture framework and the new functional structure for Joint Operation and Command Information System-of-Systems (JOCISoS) were presented. The related concept of JOCISoS was defined. By the semantic analysis of information cognition, the improved Zachman framework was proposed, and the architecture of JOCISoS was built based on the semantics of information cognition. Aiming at the pivotal system - Information Network, the Cognitive Networks (CN) was imported. Being designed hierarchically, the multi-level functional structure for JOCISoS was built based on the CN.
Many lexical bundle studies have explored how bundle functions are used to shape arguments and construct knowledge in research articles (ras) in hard and soft disciplines, but these cross-disciplinary studies tend to overlook the impact of research paradigms and ra sections. Specifically, previous investigations have not differentiated between qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research, which makes it impossible to evaluate whether any observed differences are related to the research paradigm, discipline or both. Furthermore, very few previous contrastive studies have explored the distribution in the in-text sections. To address these two issues, this study compares ras in medicine and psychology representing a single paradigm (i.e., quantitative experimental research) to determine how exactly discipline may influence the distribution of bundle functions in ras as a whole and by section. Unlike the previous studies which find a heavier reliance on research-orientated bundles in hard disciplines and a greater focus on text-orientated bundles in soft disciplines, this study finds no significant difference in research-orientated bundles and more frequent use of text-orientated bundles in medicine than in psychology. This study argues that a more critical eye towards discipline is needed in cross-disciplinary studies on academic writing. Furthermore, this study recommends that corpus linguists examine ras at the level of in-text sections to present a clearer picture of discourse organisation.
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