The general procedures of preparing of specimens of cement-based materials for microscopy images analysis is described in this paper. Dyeing and impregnation as the most important steps in the preparing procedure are presented. Some new preparing techniques for dyeing and impregnation are introduced and briefly comments are given on these techniques.
Objective To explore the protective effect of ulinastatin on lung contusion following chest trauma.Methods Forty patients who suffered from lung contusion were divided into two groups randomly according to APACHE Ⅱ score:ulinastatin treated group(n=20)and control group(n=20).Both groups received routine treatment such as oxygen inhale,albumin infusion,antibiotics and nutritional support,while the patients of the ulinastatin treated group received intravenous infusion of ulinastatin 100 kU once every 8 hours and continued 6 days totally.The efficacy of the therapy in both groups was assessed.ALT,AST,TB,BUN and Cr indexes were detected on the 1st,3rd,5th and 7th day and serum IL-6,TNF-α,MDA levels were measured on 1st,4th and 7th day in both groups.Results The SIRS markers were not different in both control group and ulinastatin treated group before therapy.IL-6,TNF-α,MDA levels decreased more significantly after treatment in ulinastatin treated group(P0.05).ALT,AST,TB,BUN and Cr indexes in ulinastatin treated group were lower than those of control group at 3 rd,5 th and 7 th day after treatment(P0.05).Conclusions Our results show that ulinastatin can enhance enduring ability of the body to the stress reaction after chest injury,the medicine significantly inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines and thus effectively protects lung function after chest trauma.
By combining the nearest surface distribution function and hydration kinetic equation, analytical equations are proposed to determine the pore phase and solid phase evolution in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). In addition, the numerical models for concrete with a single flat aggregate are constructed based on the CEMHYD3D hydration model. The results show that the degree of hydration is the main factor affecting the ratio of the average porosity to the matrix porosity in the ITZ. With an increase in the aggregate volume fraction and interface thickness, the volume fraction of the ITZ first increases and then decreases. The degree of overlap increases linearly with the interface thickness and the aggregate volume fraction. As the distance from the aggregate surface increases, high-density C-S-H increases, while low-density C-S-H and calcium hydroxide phases decrease. Finally, the predicted results using the analytical equations and numerical simulation are verified by testing via back-scattered electron microscopy, which indicates that the experimental results are more consistent with the predicted results of the analytical model than with those of the numerical model.
It investigates the early-age plastic shrinkage and cracking of polypropylene fiber reinforced high performance concrete with the study of concrete slab test of plastic shrinkae and cracking reported recently and the suggesting test design of new Manual for Concrete Structure Endurance Design and Construction of China.The experiment demonstrates the proper weight fraction of polypropylene fiber is 09% and the fibers at this weight fraction help concrete restrain the initation and development of cracks.Polypropylene fiber improves restraint of plastic shrinkage of high performance concrete.The experiment also shows the sugesting test design of new manual is applicable to provide concrete restraint stress against plastic shrinkage at directions of thickness and zoom out the size of cracking which makes observation and comparison easier.In a word,the suggesting slab test is convenient and easy to apply and handle.
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