The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the Y402H polymorphism in the complement factor H and soft drusen of the macula as part of age-related maculopathy in the Chinese population.In the population-based Beijing Eye Study, the participants underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination including fundus photography. All fundus photographs were graded using the Wisconsin Grading System. Of 515 subjects with soft drusen in the macula, 208 (40.4%) subjects had blood samples taken and were thus eligible for the present study. These subjects were compared with 140 randomly selected control subjects from the Beijing Eye Study matched for age, sex, and rural versus urban area with the study group. The analysis of the genotype was performed by allele-specific digestion of polymerase chain reaction products.Dividing the study group into subjects with bilateral soft drusen and unilateral soft drusen showed a significant association between the Y402H polymorphism in the complement factor H gene and the study group with bilateral soft drusen with an odds ratio of 2.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-4.95).Also in the Chinese population, soft drusen as part of age-related maculopathy are associated with the Y402H polymorphism in the complement factor H gene despite a markedly lower frequency of C allele in the Chinese population than in white populations.
Space Debris Laser Ranging (DLR) is a technique to measure range to defunct satellites, rocket bodies or other space targets in orbits around Earth. The analysis shows that one of the reasons for the low success probability of DLR is the inaccurate orbital prediction of targets. Then it is proposed to use the Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) running in automatic-recoverable range-gate-free mode, in which case, the effect of the accuracy of the target’s orbital prediction on the success probability of DLR is greatly reduced. In this way, 249 space debris were successfully detected and 532 passes of data were obtained. The smallest target detected was the space-debris (902) with an orbital altitude of about 1000 km and a Radar Cross Section (RCS) of 0.0446 m 2 . The farthest target detected was the space-debris (12,445) with a large elliptical orbit and an RCS of 18.2505 m 2 , of which the range of the normal point (NPT) of the measured arc-segment on January 27, 2019 was 6260.805 km.
The aim of this study was to compare the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in eyes with glaucoma and non-arteritic anterior ischemic neuropathy (NAION) by Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FDOCT), and to evaluate the diagnostic capability of FDOCT in glaucoma and NAION. This study included 26 eyes with glaucoma (36.6%), 15 eyes with NAION (21.1%) and 30 eyes of normal subjects (42.3%). Those with the following conditions were excluded; a visual field defect greater than one hemifield, spherical equivalent (SE) more than ±6 D, or the onset of NAION within 6 months. FDOCT was used to analyze the characteristics of ONH and RNFL thickness. Among the three groups of subjects, glaucomatous eyes had the largest cup area and cup volume, and the smallest rim area, rim volume and disc volume (P<0.05). NAION eyes had the smallest cup area and cup volume (P<0.05), but their rim area, rim volume and disc volume were comparable to those of control eyes (P>0.05). The cup-to-disc (C/D) ratio was increased in glaucomatous eyes but reduced in NAION eyes compared with control eyes. Glaucomatous eyes had the greatest loss of RNFL thickness in the temporal upper (TU), superior temporal (ST) and temporal lower (TL) regions (P<0.05), whereas NAION eyes had the smallest RNFL thickness in the superior nasal (SN) and nasal upper (NU) regions (P<0.05). The areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AROCs) of the temporal, superior and inferior RNFL in glaucomatous eyes were greater compared with that of the disc area (P<0.05). In addition, the AROCs of the temporal, superior and inferior RNFL were higher compared with that of nasal RNFL (P<0.05). The AROCs of all parameters for NAION were not significantly different, with the exception of superior, nasal superior and inferior temporal RNFL (P<0.05). In conclusion, FDOCT is able to detect quantitative differences in the optic disc morphology and RNFL thickness between glaucomatous and NAION eyes. These differences may provide new insights into the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of the two diseases.
Objective To explore diagnosis capability of macular ganglion cell complex (mGCC)and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer(pRNFL) thickness for glancoma. Methods Adult outpatients received ocular regular examinations of glaucoma in our hospital were enrolled in this study. Parameters of pRNFL and mGCC measured by Fourier optic coherence tomography(OCT) were evaluated. Results 116 subjects ( 116 eyes) included 51 (44. 0% ) normal subjects, 30(30. 2% ) early glaucoma patients and 35 (25.9%) advanced glaucoma patients. There were significantly different pRNFL and mGCC thickness among the three groups ( F = 83.022,97. 361,27. 899,79. 585,140. 686,119. 166,116. 234, 90. 855,64. 341,133.064, P ＜0. 0l ). Area under Receive Operated Curve (AROC) of all pRNFL parameters in early glaucoma except nasal ( P ＞ 0. 05 ) and mGCC parameters had significantly diagnostic capability ( Need to be corrected by authors) ( pRNFL:0. 796 ±0. 049;mGCC:0. 748 ±0. 055, P ＜0. 05). As to the whole glaucoma, AROC of pRNFL and mGCC parameters had significantly diagnostic capability ( pRNFL:0. 889 ±0. 029; mGCC: 0. 862 ±0. 034, P ＜0. 01 ). Through AROC pairwise comparisons, the diagnosticpower of almost pRNFL and mGCC parameters had no difference ( P ＞ 0. 05) except that temporal, superior pRNFL thickness were significant higher than focal loss of volume (FLV) of mGCC ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The measurement of pRNFL thickness might still be used as a main method on diagnosis of glaucoma and mGCC could serve as a new beneficial complement tool for detection of glaucoma.
Key words:
Tomography, optical coherence/MT; Macula lutea/CY/PP/RA; Retina/PP/RA; Nerve fibers/PA/PH/RA; Glaucoma/PA/RA/DI
To explore the efficacy of preoperative intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection combined with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).This retrospective study included 35 eyes from 35 patients who underwent preoperative IVB and AGV implantation for treatment of NVG. Findings such as intraocular pressure (IOP) number of anti-glaucoma medications, visual acuity (VA), surgical success rates, and complications were recorded.After AGV implantation, IOP was 18.2±4.0 mm Hg, 15.5±3.3 mm Hg and 9.8±2.6 mm Hg at 6, 12 and 36mo, significantly decreased compared with pre-IOP (P<0.01). The number of anti-glaucoma medications was 0.9±0.5, 0.8±0.9 and 0.8±0.6 at 6, 12 and 36mo, significantly decreased compared to pre-treatment (P<0.01). At last visit, there were 19 eyes with stable VA, 4 with VA improvement, 12 with diminished VA and 3 with complete loss light perception. There were 7 cases that failed during 3-year fellow up period. Cumulative probabilities of valve survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis were 82.9%, 74.1% and 71.0% at 12, 24 and 36mo, respectively. Cox stepwise regression analysis found that the survival time was significant associated with the pre-visual acuity <2/400 (P<0.05). Post-operative complications occurred in 8 eyes, of which hyphema presented in 2 eyes, choroidal effusion in 2 eyes.The procedure of preoperative IVB and AGV implantation should be one of treatments for NVG because of its safety and effectiveness.
Objective To assess visibility of scleral spur in images of anterior chamber angle measured by the CAM model of Fourier optic coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Subjects aged 40 years or older were selected from outpatients in our opthalmologic clinic. All participants underwent standard ocular examinations, and anterior chamber angle was measured by CAM-L model of RTVue-OCT (Optovue Inc,USA) and gonioscopy. Visibility of scleral spur in OCT images and its related factor were analyzed. Results 98 subjects (98 eyes) aged (63.3±10.5)y included 62 females (63.3%) were selected in this study. There were 286 in 392 quadrants (73.0%) with visualized scleral spur, which had significant difference among local bulbar conjunctiva thickened or not (P＜0.01). Logistic multiple regression showed that the visibility of scleral spur was not associated with gender, age, gonioscope grades (P＞0.05), but significant associated with local bulbar conjunctiva thickened (OR＝0.113, P＜0.01) and quadrants (OR of superior/temporal＝0.210, OR of inferior/temporal＝0.340, P＜0.01), of which there were different scleral spur visibility in superior and inferior quadrants compared with temporal(OR＝0.210, 0.340, P＜0.01). Angle status was still identified in 80.2% quadrants on condition that scleral spur was not visualized. Conclusions Fourier optic coherence tomography has good feasibility to detect anterior chamber angle as an alternative method, and may supply helpful information to estimate the pathogenesis of angle closure glaucoma.
Key words:
Tomography,optical coherence; Sclera/RA; Eye/RA
TianQin is a planned space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three earth orbiting satellites with an orbital radius of about $10^5~{\rm km}$. The satellites will form a equilateral triangle constellation the plane of which is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. TianQin aims to detect GWs between $10^{-4}~{\rm Hz}$ and $1~{\rm Hz}$ that can be generated by a wide variety of important astrophysical and cosmological sources, including the inspiral of Galactic ultra-compact binaries, the inspiral of stellar-mass black hole binaries, extreme mass ratio inspirals, the merger of massive black hole binaries, and possibly the energetic processes in the very early universe or exotic sources such as cosmic strings. In order to start science operations around 2035, a roadmap called the 0123 plan is being used to bring the key technologies of TianQin to maturity, supported by the construction of a series of research facilities on the ground. Two major projects of the 0123 plan are being carried out. In this process, the team has created a new generation $17~{\rm cm}$ single-body hollow corner-cube retro-reflector which has been launched with the QueQiao satellite on 21 May 2018; a new laser ranging station equipped with a $1.2~{\rm m}$ telescope has been constructed and the station has successfully ranged to all the five retro-reflectors on the Moon; and the TianQin-1 experimental satellite has been launched on 20 December 2019 and the first round result shows that the satellite has exceeded all of its mission requirements.
Objective To assess the relationship between retinal nerve fiber(RNFL)thickness measured by optic coherence tomography and refractive diopter.Methods 91 cases(91 eyes)selected continually and unrandomly from ophthalmological outpatients including 28cases with low myopia(spherical equivalence [SE]＞-3.0D),33 cases with moderate myopia(SE-0.3D～-6.0D)and 30 cases with high myopia(SE＜-6.0D).All patients received ocular standard examination including intraocular pressure,refraction,slitlamp biomieroscopy and fundas.Other ocular diseases except refractive error were excluded.RNFL thickness was measured by RTVue Fourior-OCT.Refraetion diopter was shown as SE.All data were analysed by SPSS13.0 software.Results The mean RNFL thickness was 108.5±10.1 μm,and inferior and superior RNFL were thickest and nasal was thinnest.RNFL thickness of up and down of nasal and inferior region were significant positive correlative with SE(＜0.05),those in tempory of inferior region were significant negtive correlative with SE (＜0.05),and those in other regions were not significant correlative with SE(＞0.05)in single and multiple variable regressive analysis.Conclusion Mean RNFL thickness may not corrective,the up and down of nasal and inferior region may decrease,and tempory inferior region may increase with increase myopia diopters.RNFL thickness may be an useful parameters during detect and assess the glaucomatous neuropathy since the different of RNFL changes in eyes with myopia and glaucoma
Key words:
Retinal nerve fiber; Layer myopia; Diopter
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