Erycibe obtusifolia and E. schmidtii are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to treat joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis. With the reduction of wild E. obtusifolia and E. schmidtii resources, Porana sinensis has been widely used as a substitute. However, few studies have been conducted on the chemical composition and quality control of P. sinensis.To clarify the chemical composition and improve the quality control of P. sinensis.We developed an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation Q-Exactive Focus tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-Exactive Focus-MS/MS) method to characterise the chemical constituents of P. sinensis. A strategy based on a combination of high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and direct analysis in real-time (DART) ion source was proposed for the identification of alkaloid components in P. sinensis. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) autography for 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH˙) and TLC bioautography for xanthine oxidase were used to rapidly screen marker compounds for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of P. sinensis. Based on the selected marker compounds, a HPLC method for the quantitative determination of eight marker compounds in P. sinensis was developed.Eighteen compounds in P. sinensis were identified by UHPLC-Q-Exactive MS. Taken together with the results of TLC autography and TLC bioautography, eight compounds were chosen as marker compounds for HPLC determination of P. sinensis. The alkaloid components in P. sinensis were identified as Baogongteng A and Baogongteng C by DART-MS.We systematically clarified the chemical composition of P. sinensis for the first time, and potentially improved its quality control. These results should promote the application of P. sinensis as a new resource for Caulis Erycibes.
The utilization of erythromycin fermentation dregs (EFD), one kind of solid biowaste, is limited due to the high-level residue of antibiotics. Hydrothermal pretreatment (HT) has great potential to remove residual antibiotics. However, its harmless performance and influence on the EFD anerobic digestion (AD) process remains unclear. In this study, HT was conducted for erythromycin removal before EFD AD with the temperature ranging from 80 to 180°C. Moreover, changes in biogas yield, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and microbial communities in the EFD AD process were compared among different treatments. The results showed that under the optimal hydrothermal temperature of 160°C, more than 85% of erythromycin was eliminated. In addition, HT significantly reduced the ARGs in the EFD AD process and erm T and mef A relative abundance decreased by one order of magnitude. Mobile genetic elements ( IntI1 and Tn916/1545 ) also showed decreased tendency with the hydrothermal temperature elevation. The maximum methane production of 428.3 ml g −1 VS was obtained in the AD system of EFD with hydrothermal treatment at 160°C. It is attributed to the cooperation of hydrolysis and acidogenesis bacteria (e.g., Aminicenantales and Sedimentibacter ) and methylotrophic methanogens ( Candidatus_Methanofastidiosum and Methanosarcina ), and they presented the highest relative abundance in this group. The results indicated that methylated substance reduction was the major methanogenesis route. Hydrothermal technology was of great potential to realize the harmless treatment of EFD and for recycling EFD via AD.
This study presents an efficient framework for locating and classifying faulty Photovoltaic (PV) panels from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) thermal infrared images.First, aerial triangulation based on photogrammetry is used to obtain thermal infrared images of PV panels with coordinate information, then, individual PV panels are segmented based on High-Resolution Network (HRNetV2-W32), finally, the panels are fed into residual net (ResNet-50) to classify the fault types.Results showed that the panel segmentation accuracy reaches 98.54%, the classification accuracy reaches 88.74%, and the coordinate error is better than 0.033m.
Tylosin fermentation dregs (TFDs) are biosolid waste of antibiotics tylosin production process which contain nutritious components and may be recycled as soil amendments. However, the specific ecological safety of TFDs from the perspective of bacterial resistance in soil microenvironment is not fully explored. In the present study, a series of replicated lab-scale work were performed using the simulated fertilization to gain insight into the potential environmental effects and risks of macrolide antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the soil microbial communities composition via quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing following the TFDs land application as the soil amendments. The results showed that bio-processes might play an important role in the decomposition of tylosin which degraded above 90% after 20 days in soil. The application of TFDs might induce the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, change soil environment and reduce the microbial diversity. Though the abundances of macrolide ARGs exhibited a decreasing trend following the tylosin degradation, other components in TFDs may have a lasting impact on both macrolide ARGs abundance and soil bacterial communities. Thus, this study pointed out the fate of TFDs on soil ecological environment when directly applying into soil, and provide valuable scientific basis for TFDs management.
Abstract Soil salinization due to saltwater incursion, is a major threat to microbial population and thus strongly alters biogeochemical processes in a freshwater riparian of coastal estuary region. An incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of simulated saltwater treatments with different percentages of artificial seawater on biodegradation dynamics of herbicide bensulfuron‐methyl (BSM) and microbial ecophysiological parameters in a riparian soil in Chongming Island, China. The results showed that saltwater addition with 10% seawater significantly increased the biodegradation efficiency of BSM with the lowest residual concentration among all the treatments. However, BSM degradation was markedly decreased in the riparian soil with high levels of saltwater treatment. The half‐lives for 20% and 50% seawater treatments were prolonged by 4.9% and 21.1%, respectively, as compared to no saltwater treatment. Throughout the incubation period, 10% seawater treatment showed significantly stimulating effects on microbial parameters in the BSM‐spiked riparian soil. At the end of incubation experiment, flourescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis rate, soil microbial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and basal soil respiration (BSR) in the BSM‐spiked riparian soil with 10% seawater were 64.2%, 48.9%, and 39.4% higher than those with no saltwater treatment, respectively. In contrast, saltwater treatment with 50% seawater significantly inhibited microbial activities, relative to no saltwater treatment. Especially, FDA hydrolysis rate, microbial ATP, and BSR were decreased by 74.1%, 69.8%, and 63.4%, respectively, as compared to no saltwater treatment. Our data indicate that different levels of simulated saltwater incursion can exert variable effects on microbial ecophysiological parameters, and consequently resulted in the difference in biodegradation dynamics of herbicide in the herbicide‐spiked riparian soil.
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