This chapter focuses on exploring how cohabitation influences male and female fertility. When examining the cohabitation effect on fertility, I incorporate race and ethnicity into the analysis and investigate the fertility differentials by gender due to cohabitation across racial and ethnic groups. In addition, the chapter takes the interaction effects between cohabitation and socioeconomic factors, family-background covariates and the proximate determinants into consideration when exploring the cohabitation and fertility relationship. By examining data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) Cycle 6, the results show that cohabitation has a stronger positive effect on male than on female fertility through mediating with an individual's family-background characteristics and the proximate determinants. In addition, non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics are found to share more similarities than differences as compared to blacks in the cohabitation and fertility relationship. The chapter discusses the mechanisms that may explain the fertility differentials by gender and across race and ethnicity due to cohabitation. It also highlights the implications drawn from this research.
This chapter concludes findings of the book. In addition, the chapter discusses the implications of the research from the perspectives of theory construction and fertility policy making. The chapter also addresses the issue of underreporting births by younger men in the NSFG Cycle 6 dataset and how the issue influences the results of this research. In the end, the chapter points out a few prospects for future analysis on male fertility.
This chapter shifts the research focus to a specific locale, namely, Taiwan. This region is chosen because it has detailed male fertility data readily available. The chapter starts the analysis by longitudinally examining male TFRs and ASFRs as compared to those of females during the past few decades. Findings of this chapter echo the results shown in Chapter 4 that studies male and female fertility patterns in 43 countries and places. Several new findings also emerge based on examining the case of Taiwan, which will be discussed in a great detail in this chapter. When investigating the age-specific fertility differentials by sex, the chapter takes educational attainments into consideration. It discusses how education serves as a factor to differentiate male and female fertility. The final part of the analysis in this chapter moves to an examination of male and female fertility in 23 subregions of Taiwan in 2002. Theoretical frameworks explaining female fertility reduction are applied to account for male fertility changes in the 23 subregions. Results show that current fertility theories do not explain male fertility as well as they account for female fertility. It suggests that research exploring determinants of male fertility is warranted.
Metaphorical interpretation and affect detection using context profiles from open-ended text input are challenging in affective language processing field. In this paper, we explore recognition of a few typical affective metaphorical phenomena and context-based affect sensing using the modeling of speakers' improvisational mood and other participants' emotional influence to the speaking character under the improvisation of loose scenarios. The overall updated affect detection module is embedded in an AI agent. The new developments have enabled the AI agent to perform generally better in affect sensing tasks. The work emphasizes the conference themes on affective dialogue processing, human-agent interaction and intelligent user interfaces.
Communication between human beings involves complex and rich means. In the past decades, computers have successfully supported human in a variety of tasks such as calculating and memorizing. However, when confronted with the demand of multimodal interaction with users, can these indispensable partners make us satisfied? This research might answer this question.
The second chapter of the book reviews existing demographic and sociological literature on male fertility. The chapter classifies previous studies into three major topics, that is, men's role in fertility decision-making and family planning, comparative studies of men's and women's fertility patterns and determinants, and modeling male fertility by constructing two-sex models. Each group of the literature is evaluated based on its merits and limitations. The chapter also discusses the way in which this book fills the voids of prior literature and suggests possible directions for future research. In the end, two levels of analyses are proposed to examine patterns and determinants of male fertility from a gendered perspective to improve existing research on male fertility.
Depression is the most widely affecting of mental illnesses for public health concern.Although there are many treatments for depression, barriers to diagnosis still exist.The intelligent diagnosis relying on extraction of biomarkers provides reliable indicators of depression.This paper proposed a new method of machine learning diagnosis based on vocal source features.The short-term and long-term features were combined for classification and evaluation.The long-term features contained four important short-term features selected by decision trees, and the random forest algorithm and extreme gradient boosting algorithm were used for classification.The results showed that our method was feasible to classify the degree of depression, F1 scores and sensitivity of non-depression were better than traditional short-term features, long-term features, and deep learning approaches.Our study provides a useful tool for preventing and diagnosing early depression.
We have developed a structured cognitive behavioral therapy manual for anxiety disorder in China, and the present study evaluated the applicability of simplified cognitive behavioral therapy based on our previous research.To evaluate the applicability of simplified cognitive behavioral therapy (SCBT) on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) by conducting a multi-center controlled clinical trial.A multi-center controlled clinical trial of SCBT was conducted on patients with GAD, including institutions specializing in mental health and psychiatry units in general hospitals. The participants were divided into 3 groups: SCBT group, SCBT with medication group and medication group. The drop-out rates of these three groups, the therapy satisfaction of patients who received SCBT and the evaluation of SCBT from therapists were compared.(1) There was no significant difference among the drop-out rates in the three groups. (2) Only the duration and times of therapy were significantly different between the two groups of patients who received the SCBT, and the therapy satisfaction of the SCBT group was higher than that of the SCBT with medication group. (3) Eighteen therapists who conducted the SCBT indicated that the manual was easy to comprehend and operate, and this therapy could achieve the therapy goals.The applicability of SCBT for patients with GAD is relatively high, and it is hopeful that SCBT can become a psychological treatment which can be applied in medical institutions of various levels.我们在国内较早开展并研发了针对焦虑症的结构化认知行为治疗操作手册，本研究在前期研究基础上对简化认知行为治疗的适宜性进行评价。.通过多中心临床对照实验，评价简化认知行为治疗（Simplified Cognitive Behavioral Therapy，SCBT）的适宜性。.通过来自不同级别的精神卫生专科医疗机构和综合医院精神科等多个中心，对广泛性焦虑患者进行SCBT 的临床对照研究，分为3 组：SCBT 组，SCBT ＋药物组和药物组。比较三组脱落率，接受SCBT 患者对治疗满意度以及治疗师对SCBT 评价。.（1）三组脱落率差异没有统计学意义。（2）接受SCBT 的两组患者仅在治疗时间和次数上差异有统计学意义，SCBT 组比SCBT+ 药物组患者治疗满意度高。（3）18 名SCBT 实施人员均认为操作手册内容容易理解、易于操作，并到达治疗目标。.SCBT 对广泛性焦虑患者适宜性较强，有望成为在不同级别医疗机构应用推广的心理治疗方法。.
Shift nurses are prone to sleep problems and impaired nighttime alertness, with risk for reduced health status plus decreased performance, handling errors, and workplace accidents. Attention to and improvements in the situation of shift nurses are urgent. Shimian granules (SMG), an improved formula of Jieyuanshen with liver qingre and yangxin tranquilizing effects, for more than a decade has been used in China as a herbal treatment of sleep disorders in clinical practice. However, clinical data on SMG have rarely been reported. This double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, pilot clinical trial (ChiCTR-IOR-17013031) aimed to explore whether Shimian granules (SMG) improves sleep and affective state in shift nurses and in association with changes in concentrations of salivary cytokines. Fifty-three rotating-shift female nurses with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score ≥8 were orally treated with 10.0 g SMG or placebo 2 times daily (30 min after breakfast and 30 min before bed) for 1 month. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), a psychomotor vigilance task, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A/HADS-D), and levels of four salivary cytokines were evaluated by single time-of-day sampling at baseline and after 1 month of treatment. Significantly lower ISI, HADS, HADS-A, and HADS-D scores, but higher 1/mean reaction time (1/mRT) score, were found in shift nurses treated with SMG than in those who received placebo, and these effects were associated with changes in salivary melatonin, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. These latter findings suggest melatonin, TNF, and IL-6 levels may be suitable biomarkers of ISI score in shift nurses, whereas TNF level may be a suitable biomarker of 1/mRT score and IL-6 level a suitable biomarker of HADS score in response to SMG treatment. The results of this pilot study suggest SMG can effectively improve sleep, alertness, plus anxiety and depression symptoms in shift nurses in association with changes in salivary cytokine levels. The results of this study provide an experimental basis for the evaluation of traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of insomnia and underlying mechanisms of their actions that require detailed future exploration.
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