Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is caused by both genetic and environmental factors, such as daily calorie intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption, are considered to be related to the prevalence of MetS and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and prognosis of depression. Methods We investigated the bidirectional association between lifestyle factors and MetS among Korean adults with depressive symptoms in third wave of a community-based cohort study. A total of 1,578 individuals, aged 39–72 years, who had MetS at baseline were recruited. Participants were divided into two groups according to depressive symptoms. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of MetS. Results The percentage of heavy drinkers was lower in men with depressive symptoms compared to those who did not (7.0% vs. 7.1%), while the percentage of current smokers were higher in participants who had depressive symptoms (40.2% vs. 30.0%). After adjusting for age, education, monthly income, body mass index (BMI), sleep duration, and volume of drinking and smoking status, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that male heavy drinkers with depressive symptoms were 2.75 times more likely to have MetS than those without depressive symptom. Conversely, depressive women with a high BMI were 3.70 times more likely to have MetS than in those with lower BMI. Limitations The cross-sectional nature of the study, and the study population ethnicity and ages were limitations. Conclusions Lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption, may be associated with the risk of MetS in adults with depressive symptoms.
Despite previous efforts to build statistical models for predicting the risk of suicidal behavior using machine-learning analysis, a high-accuracy model can lead to overfitting. Furthermore, internal validation cannot completely address this problem. In this study, we created models for predicting the occurrence of suicide attempts among Koreans at high risk of suicide, and we verified these models in an independent cohort. We performed logistic and penalized regression for suicide attempts within 6 months among suicidal ideators and attempters in The Korean Cohort for the Model Predicting a Suicide and Suicide-related Behavior (K-COMPASS). We then validated the models in a test cohort. Our findings indicated that several factors significantly predicted suicide attempts in the models, including young age, suicidal ideation, previous suicidal attempts, anxiety, alcohol abuse, stress, and impulsivity. The area under the curve and positive predictive values were 0.941 and 0.484 after variable selection and 0.751 and 0.084 in the test cohort. The corresponding values for the penalized regression model were 0.943 and 0.524 in the original training cohort and 0.794 and 0.115 in the test cohort. The prediction model constructed through a prospective cohort study of the suicide high-risk group showed satisfactory accuracy even in the test cohort. The accuracy with penalized regression was greater than that with the "classical" logistic model.
Chemokine receptor cross-desensitization provides an important mechanism to regulate immune cell recruitment at sites of inflammation. We previously reported that the mycobacterial cell wall glycophospholipid mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) could induce human peripheral blood T cell chemotaxis. Therefore, we examined the ability of ManLAM to desensitize T cells to other chemoattractants as a potential mechanism for impaired T cell homing and delayed lung recruitment during mycobacterial infection. We found that ManLAM pretreatment inhibited in vitro migration of naive human or mouse T cells to the lymph node egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Intratracheal administration of ManLAM in mice resulted in significant increases in T cells, primarily CCR5(+) (Th1) cells, in lung-draining lymph nodes. To investigate the selective CCR5 effect, mouse T cells were differentiated into Th1 or Th2 populations in vitro, and their ability to migrate to S1P with or without ManLAM pretreatment was analyzed. ManLAM pretreatment of Th1 populations inhibited S1P-induced migration but had no effect on Th2 cell S1P-directed migration, suggesting a differential effect by S1P on the two subsets. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor Ly294002 inhibited S1P-directed migration by Th1 cells, whereas the ERK inhibitor U0126 inhibited Th2 cell S1P-directed migration. These observations demonstrate that S1P-induced migratory responses in Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes occurs via different signaling pathways and suggests further that the production of ManLAM during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may function to sequester Th1 cells in lung-draining lymph nodes, thereby delaying their recruitment to the lung.
Abstract Background : In the present study, we investigated the association between substance use by adolescents and parental smoking status based on data from the 2016 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, a national school-based survey. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years (n = 65,528) were analyzed, and the risk of substance use according to the parental smoking status was investigated. Results: We found that smoking by both parents was a greater risk factor for substance use by adolescents than smoking by any one parent. Moreover, maternal smoking was a greater risk for substance use by adolescents than paternal smoking. We also investigated sex differences in the risk of substance use as a result of the parental smoking status. The differences in the substance use status according to the sex of both parents and children were also identified after adjustment for second-hand smoking. Conclusions: Accurate evaluation of the family smoking environment and whole-family interventions are necessary for preventing and intervening in substance use by adolescents.
연구목적: 이소플라본은 대두식품에 풍부한 식물에서 유래한 화합물로써, 에스트로겐과 항에스트로겐의 효과를 모두 갖고 있어 폐경여성에서 호르몬 치료의 대체제로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구를 통해 폐경여성의 이소플라본의 섭취량을 조사하여 앞으로의 이소플라본 연구에 기반이 되도록 하고, 폐경 증상 완화에 필요한 적정 섭취량을 권유에 도움이 되고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 본 연구는 우리나라 폐경 후 1년 이상된 50세 이상의 여성 189명을 대상으로 반정량적 식품섭취 빈도 조사법을 이용하여 1일 이소플라본 섭취량을 측정하였다. 자료는 t-test와 Turkey test를 이용한 ANOVA test로 분석하였다. 결과: 우리나라 폐경여성은 하루 평균 21.94 mg의 이소플라본을 섭취하였다. 나이에 따른 이소플라본 섭취량의 차이는 없었다. 결론: 폐경 증상 완화를 위한 이소플라본의 적정량에 대해 정해진 바는 없다. 본 연구 결과 대부분의 폐경여성은 충분한 양을 섭취하지 않았으므로, 개인의 식습관을 검토해 보도록 하고 부족 시 더 많은 양의 이소플라본을 섭취해야 한다.
International studies measuring wellbeing/multidimensional mental health before/ during the COVID-19 pandemic, including representative samples for >2 years, identifying risk groups and coping strategies are lacking. COH-FIT is an online, international, anonymous survey measuring changes in well-being (WHO-5) and a composite psychopathology P-score, and their associations with COVID-19 deaths/restrictions, 12 a-priori defined risk individual/cumulative factors, and coping strategies during COVID-19 pandemic (26/04/2020-26/06/2022) in 30 languages (representative, weighted non-representative, adults). T-test, χ2, penalized cubic splines, linear regression, correlation analyses were conducted. Analyzing 121,066/142,364 initiated surveys, WHO-5/P-score worsened intra-pandemic by 11.1±21.1/13.2±17.9 points (effect size d=0.50/0.60) (comparable results in representative/weighted non-probability samples). Persons with WHO-5 scores indicative of depression screening (<50, 13% to 32%) and major depression (<29, 3% to 12%) significantly increased. WHO-5 worsened from those with mental disorders, female sex, COVID-19-related loss, low-income country location, physical disorders, healthcare worker occupations, large city location, COVID-19 infection, unemployment, first-generation immigration, to age=18-29 with accumulative effect. Similar findings emerged for P-score. Changes were significantly but minimally related to COVID-19 deaths, returning to near-pre-pandemic values after >2 years. The most subjectively effective coping strategies were exercise, internet use, social contacts. Identified risk groups, coping strategies and outcome trajectories can inform global public health strategies.
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