Because proprietary image data formats are used in the pavement industry, there is a critical need to develop a standard interchangeable format for pavement surface conditions and transverse profiles such that pavement image data from various highway agencies and technology suppliers can be shared across different analyses and software platforms. A comprehensive literature review and a survey of current practices found that two-dimensional (2D) image data compression is primarily based on JPEG and JPEG2000, whereas the three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning and imaging technology has rapidly gained popularity using various data formats and dynamic ranges. In this study, a standard data format for 2D and 3D pavement images is developed to meet different data requirements. The standard contains two parts. The first part is the core section including file header, 2D intensity data, and 3D range data, whose definitions shall not be changed as the data format standard evolves; the second part is primarily user-defined metadata, which can be extended and modified as needed to accommodate individual data collection practices and equipment. The expected benefits include facilitating workable protocols for condition surveys, improving implementation of new technologies, and accelerating the development of analysis tools for pavement condition evaluation.
Background The survival time of patients with early pancreatic cancer (PC) is still disappointing, even after surgical resection. PC has an extremely poor prognosis. Herein, we aimed to investigate the survival effect of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on resected stage I to II PC. Material and methods A large eligible sample of patients was identified from 2010 to 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of PORT. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce selection bias and to make the groups comparable. Results A total of 3219 patients with resected stage I to II PC was included after rigid screening. The median overall survival (OS) was 26 months with PORT (n = 1055) versus 21 months with non-PORT (n = 2164) before matching (p<0.001). By multivariable analysis, PORT remained a favorable prognostic predictor for OS. In PSM analysis, receiving PORT was associated with improved OS (median, 26 months vs. 23 months; at 2 years, 51.7% vs. 46.7%; at 5 years, 23.3% vs. 17.4% (P = 0.006). After further meticulous exploration, only the stage IIB subgroup benefited from PORT (p<0.001). This result was due to the positive lymph node state (N+), whose mortality risk was cut by 23.4% (p<0.001) by PORT. Conclusion Addition of PORT to the treatment of patients with resected stage I to II PC conveys a survival benefit, particularly among those with N-positive or stage IIB disease.
Abstract Background: The effectiveness of PD1/PDL1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy is influenced by several genetic factors, including microsatellite status, tumor mutation burden (TMB) and chromosomal status. Systemic understanding of why immunotherapy is effective may predict long lasting responses and resistance to immunotherapy. Methods: Over 1,600 cancer patients from 72 hospitals across 20 provinces in China were recruited and the whole exome of tumor/blood samples of each patient were sequenced. We applied genomic checkpoint immunotherapy predict (GCIP) model that developed based on CWES data associated with histopathologic features to predict checkpoint immunotherapy effectiveness score (CIE score) for each patients. Clinical decision roadmap recommendations including targeted therapy and tumor immunotherapy were provided to each patient and their treating physician. Based on the latest follow-up results, 22 advanced cancer patients including 6 lung, 5 biliary system, 3 soft tissue sarcomas and 8 others tumor types received anti-PD1/PDL1 treatment following their physician's recommendations. Results: Of these 22 prospective real-world enrolled patients, the disease control rate (DCR) was 72.7% and Objective response rate (ORR) was 40.9%, with four (18.1%) patients having a complete response (CR) by investigator assessment. Nine patients with TMB-high (3 CR, 4 PR and 2 PD) had better ORR and DCR than those with TMB-medium (77.7% vs. 14.2% and 77.7% vs. 70.0%). Interestingly, the highest TMB patient with primary resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy presented CDKN2A and IFN-α family somatic co-deletion at chromosome 9p21 segment which also be found by tumor biopsy from another patient with acquired resistant after an extraordinary 18-month response. Of 6 progressive disease (PD) patients, chromosomal arm-level aberrations have been identified in 4 patients and 5 somatic mutated genes (total 148) in histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules have been detected in one patient with MSI-high. Notably, four patients with both the highest chromosomal stability and either the TMB-high, or Indel proportion high, but neither alone, exhibited the longest clinical benefit (CR lasts longer than 12 months). These findings would be the mechanisms of tumor escape from the host's immunity. Conclusions: GCIP model can effectively predict checkpoint immunotherapy response, durable clinical benefit and genetic resistance features for most of the advanced cancer patients. Our findings demonstrate the importance of tumor genomic data, especially chromosomal status; those important clues may potentially overcome primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapy. Citation Format: Guan Wang, Cheng Chen, Jinwang Wei, Angela Wu, Chun Dai, Xiaoman Xu, Xin Cai, Qiang Xu. Application of clinical whole-exome sequencing as a predictor of clinical benefit of PD1/PDL1 blockade in a prospective study of advanced cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 618.
Hyperalgesia and bladder overactivity are two main symptoms of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). Cannabinoid receptors participate in the modulation of pain and bladder function. GPR18, a member of the cannabinoid receptor family, also participates in the regulation of pain and bladder function, but its underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this work, we sought to study the role of GPR18 in IC/BPS.A rat model of IC/BPS was established with cyclophosphamide (CYP). Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) measurement and cystometry were used to evaluate pain and bladder function, respectively. RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to assess the expression and distribution of GPR18. The role of GPR18 in pain and bladder function was studied by intrathecal injection of resolvin D2 (RvD2, a GPR18 agonist) and O-1918 (a GPR18 antagonist). Calcium imaging was used to study the relationship between GPR18 and TRPV1.A rat model of IC/BPS, which exhibited a decreased PWT and micturition interval, was successfully established with CYP. The mRNA and protein expression of GPR18 was reduced in the bladder and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in rats with CYP-induced cystitis. Intrathecal injection of RvD2 increased the PWT and micturition interval. However, O-1918 blocked the therapeutic effect of RvD2. GPR18 was present in bladder afferent nerves and colocalized with TRPV1 in DRG, and RvD2 decreased capsaicin-induced calcium influx in DRG.Activation of GPR18 by RvD2 alleviated hyperalgesia and improved bladder function, possibly by inhibiting TRPV1 in rats with CYP-induced cystitis.
Scalp angiosarcoma is a rare, extremely aggressive cutaneous malignancy with poor patient prognosis. The present study reviewed the cases of 42 patients who presented scalp angiosarcoma and were treated at the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University between January 2002 and December 2013. The clinical characteristics, demographics, treatment regimens and outcomes of patients were analyzed, and the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were calculated. A total of 42 patients were examined in this study. Surgery was the most common therapeutic measure, and was performed in 39 patients, alone (12 patients), in combination with chemotherapy (14 patients), radiotherapy (6 patients) or 3-modality-therapy (7 patients). The median follow-up time of patients was 28.5 months. The 5-year OS rate was 19%, and the 5-year RFS rate was 10%. Taken together, the results of the present study suggested that patients whose tumor presented a nodular localized lesion had a significantly improved OS rate (P=0.0078). Patients aged ≥70 years were associated with a lower 5-year OS (P=0.0071) and RFS rates (P=0.0095) vs. patients aged <70 years. Different treatments were not identified to be significantly associated with an improved OS or RFS. The present results also indicated that if the tumor presented nodular localized lesions, the patients exhibited a better prognosis than those with a diffuse lesion. Although younger patients had better clinical outcomes, the likelihood of recurrence and mortality remained high for all patients.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)